WOIPFG’s Investigative Report on the Alleged Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners at the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Its Staff Members Suspected of Participation

May 24,2023

Address: No.138, Tongzipo Road, Hexi District, Changsha City, Hunan Province

Preface

Multiple provincial organ transplantation institutions were established in the Third Xiangya Hospital in 2003. In 2005, the Transplantation Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health was formally established in the Third Xiangya Hospital. The hospital has abundant organ donors, and patients can obtain liver sources within two weeks. The number of organ transplants is enormous, but it is kept low-key and secretive to outsiders. During our telephone investigation, Ye Qifa, the hospital’s Vice President, did not deny using organs from Falun Gong practitioners. Based on the above abnormal situation and the results of the telephone investigation, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University is suspected of being one of the national organ allocation centers that harvest organs from live Falun Gong practitioners and other groups.

I. Hospital Overview
In 1998, the hospital passed the acceptance inspection of the Ministry of Health and became a Grade-A Tertiary Hospital. From 1999 to 2005, the hospital expanded and developed rapidly.

In 2007, the hospital obtained the qualifications for liver and kidney transplantation from the Ministry of Health[1]. At present, the hospital has 1,800 open ward beds, 46 medical laboratories and clinical departments, and more than 2,100 employees. Organ transplantation has been the specialty of the hospital for many years[2].

II. The hospital has great potential for organ transplants with the hardware and personnel to perform thousands of transplants every year.

In August 2001, the hospital invested nearly 100 million yuan to build a transplantation medical center of nearly 8,000 square meters, including a dialysis center, an experimental center, laminar flow operating rooms and ICU ultra-purified transplant laminar flow wards. At the same time, the Hunan Provincial Transplantation Medical Center settled in the hospital[3]. There are 150 ward beds available[4]. Based on this figure, if the bed turnover rate is 100% (the average bed occupancy rate in the national Grade-A Tertiary Hospitals is as high as 103%[5]), and if the hospitalization time for liver and kidney transplant is 30 days, the hospital has the potential to perform more than 1,825 (150× 365×100%/30=1825) cases of liver and kidney transplants per year. (Calculation method: number of ward beds X number of days in a year X bed turnover rate/average hospitalization time for liver and kidney transplant = number of liver and kidney transplants performed per year)

According to the "Central South University News" report in 2009: "Since the new surgical building of the Third Xiangya Hospital was completed and put into use, the number of beds has been increasing, from 1,000 before the start-up to 1,467. Once the 19th ward and the old cadre department open to use, the actual number of open beds is estimated to be 1,800. Since the beginning of this year, the number of inpatients has increased by 29% compared with the same period last year. The hospital bed utilization rate has reached or exceeded 100%, which is in a saturated state. Hospital leaders have even adopted the approach to shorten the average inpatient days to increase the bed turnover rate." [6] The actual transplant volume may be even higher.

Figure 1 Snapshot of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University website

The Transplant Center has more than twenty professors and associate professors, and nearly a hundred medical, nursing, and technical staff[7]. "In October 2002, transplant expert Ye Qifa led a transplant team of eight experts to join the Third Xiangya Hospital."[8] Huang Zufa, President of the Third Xiangya Hospital, also emphasized the role of Ye Qifa's team in an interview with a reporter from the Central South University Journal: "In 2002, eight high-level organ transplant talents headed by Professor Ye Qifa, an organ transplant expert, joined our hospital...", "So far, we have carried out transplants of heart, liver, kidney, pancreatic islet cells, hematopoietic stem cells, small intestine, etc.", "Our hospital has once performed two liver and five kidney transplants simultaneously, and we already have the ability to perform six or seven transplants at the same time.” [9]

III. The status of the hospital's Transplant Center in the organ transplant industry has been continuously upgraded.

1. In August 2001, the Third Xiangya Hospital built a Hunan Transplantation Medical Center building[10]. On September 19, 2003, when the building was officially opened, Xinhuanet published a report: The Deputy Minister of Health of the People's Republic of China Performs a Liver Transplant at Central South University. The article reads:” (The Transplant Center has completed) 300 liver transplants and 600 kidney transplants in the past three years. On that day, the Transplant Center arranged seven liver and kidney transplants. Huang Jiefu performed a liver transplant[11].”

Figure 2 Snapshot of Central South University News website

2. In 2003, multiple provincial organ transplant institutions were established in the Third Xiangya Hospital.

On September 18, 2003, Hunan Provincial Transplantation Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Hunan Medical Association Transplantation Medicine Professional Committee, and Central South University Xiangya Institute of Transplantation Medicine were established at the Third Xiangya Hospital. At the same time, the hospital officially signed an organ transplant cooperation agreement with the University of Pittsburgh in the US[12].

3. In 2005, the Transplantation Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health was formally established in the Third Xiangya Hospital.

In 2005, after being evaluated by relevant domestic experts organized by the Ministry of Health and approved by the Ministry of Health, the Transplantation Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health (hereinafter referred to as the "Center") was established in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. "After three years of development, the Center has carried out hundreds of piggyback liver transplants and over one thousand kidney transplants. It has also carried out liver-kidney, liver-pancreas, liver-intestine, pancreas-kidney and multi-organ combined transplants, spleen transplants, pancreas transplants, heart transplants, split liver transplants, relative liver transplants, thyroid and parathyroid gland transplants, and liver, spleen and pancreatic cell transplants. "[13] In 2008, after evaluation and acceptance by relevant experts again organized by the Ministry of Health, the Transplantation Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health officially settled in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.

Figure 3 Snapshot of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University website

IV. The hospital is suspected of being a national organ allocation center, and it is highly probable that it has been an organ allocation center in Hunan Province.

On September 24, 2003, the Public Health Newspaper[14], a subsidiary of the Hunan Daily Press Group, reported that Huang Jiefu had delivered a speech at the Third Xiangya Hospital to build an organ allocation network, which involved the centralized detention of living donors and the building of the allocation center:

"Hunan Transplantation Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center was established on September 18. Provincial, regional, and national management networks will gradually form, playing the role of information sharing and rational utilization and allocation of resources. Moreover, the increase in the number of (organ transplant) surgeries will improve the technical development of the entire transplant medicine community. More importantly, organ transplants based on a regulated donor market have largely saved medical costs for patients. Eliminating the need to transport donors back and forth would cut the surgery cost in half, and the transplant quality would be greatly improved due to shorter wait times for organs. "

Figure 4 Snapshot of the Public Health Newspaper website in September 2004

Based on the analysis, the Ministry of Health, the military, and the police system have cooperated in setting up multiple living organ donor banks across China, detaining a large number of Falun Gong practitioners, and providing organs for transplants to hospitals nationwide. But how can these organ banks be coordinated to reduce confusion, prevent information leaks, and make them more effective? This series of issues needed to be solved urgently in 2003, the peak of the national transplantation. So, it was not a simple matter for Huang Jiefu, Vice Minister of Health, to come forward to talk about building an organ allocation network at the Third Xiangya Hospital in September 2003.

Huang Jiefu said: “Provincial, regional, and national management networks will gradually form, playing the role of information sharing and rational utilization and allocation of resources…” It is quite possible for them to place the project of the Ministry of Health in the Third Xiangya Hospital and establish a national organ allocation center. “Eliminating the need to transport donors back and forth would cut the surgery cost in half.” It reflects the operation mode of unified deployment and allocation of organs nearby.

V. Telephone investigation

1. The use of Falun Gong practitioners' organs was not denied. Donors are abundant, and the wait time for liver source is two weeks.

Investigation Subject: Ye Qifa, Vice President of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Investigation Time: November 6, 2018 (+86-13875987051)

(Recording 1. Play or download MP3. For complete transcript, please see pdf 18.)

Ye Qifa: After successful matching, transplant surgery can be performed within about a month.

Investigator: Your donors are Falun Gong (practitioners), donors in normal conditions, right?

Ye Qifa: You just send me his medical record first, alright?

Personal Profile: Ye Qifa is the Director of the Transplantation Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health. He is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Organ Transplantation Branch of the Chinese Society of Surgery, the Deputy Director of the Organ Transplantation Branch of the Hunan Medical Association, the Deputy Director of the Hunan Society of Liver Diseases, the Director of the Hunan Organ Transplant Quality Control Center, as well as the Deputy Director of the Hunan Organ Transplantation Technology Clinical Application Committee. [15]

Investigation Subject: Ye Qifa, Vice President of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Investigation Time: March 4, 2016 (+86-13875987051)

Summary:

1. It cannot be regarded as a big center if one or two hundred cases cannot be done per year.

2. We haven’t done many. Now we only do about 200 cases a year.

(Recording: 2. Download MP3. Transcript download: pdf 2)

Investigation Subject: Dr. Liu, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Investigation Time: April 5, 2016 (+86-13975195016)

Summary: Generally speaking, a patient can get a liver source in two weeks. The ones that we used in the past. It’s all those things. They’re not allowed to be used now.… I can’t tell you about this on the phone.… You’d better come here to consult.…This can’t be explained clearly on the phone.

It’s mainly that we don’t have patients. Liver sources are still abundant. If a patient’s condition can be maintained, usually, he/she can obtain a liver in two weeks. The livers we deal with have been allocated to other organ transplant centers through the national network. Our livers, the livers we deal with, will be allocated to them.

(Recording: 3. Download MP3. Transcript download: pdf 30) [16]

2.The number of organ transplants is enormous.

Investigation Subject: Dr. Liu, liver transplant ward of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University[17]

Investigation Time: April 17, 2017 (+86-73188618236)

Investigation Summary: We did more than 200 kidney transplants last year. Liver transplants were slightly less than kidney transplants, and we also did 80 to 90 cases.

(Download Recording 4 MP3.For complete transcript, please see Addendum 62)

Investigation Subject: a surgeon in the Organ Transplant Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Investigation Time: November 18, 2017（+86-73188618835）

Investigation Summary: We’ve been doing liver transplants in our hospital, and we’ve done a lot! Regarding the number of transplants, you’d better ask our leaders. We have two directors, and you can ask either of them[18].

(Download Recording 5 MP3.For complete transcript, please see pdf)

Investigation Subject: Dr. Yi, a liver transplant surgeon in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

Investigation Time: February 8, 2018 (+86-73188618235)

Investigation Summary: Two to three hundred kidney transplants were done last year, and there were quite a few liver transplants. [19]

(Download Recording 6 MP3.For complete transcript, please see pdf)

Investigation Subject: a liver transplant surgeon in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University [20]

Investigation Time: March 11, 2019 (+86-73188618235)

Summary:

Q: The wait time is generally okay, right? Is it fast? Since you do a lot here!

A: Yes, yes. We’ve been doing both liver transplants and kidney transplants.

Q: So, you do two to three hundred liver transplants, and two to three hundred kidney transplants as well, right?

A: Yes, yes, yes.

(Recording 7 Download MP3.Transcript download: pdf 016)

VI. Medical papers show that the quality of donor organs far exceeds that of executed prisoners, suggesting that there are other sources of healthy donors.

According to the statistics of Family Health Newspaper, a subsidiary of Heilongjiang Daily Press Group, in 2003, the number of "organ donations from citizens after death" in China was still zero. By 2006, family members of twenty-two deceased agreed to donate their relatives' organs. As of November 20, 2008, the number of donors finally reached a hundred and four[21]. On March 7, 2012, an article on qq.com quoted Huang Jiefu, "Organ shortage is the bottleneck for the development of our country's organ transplantation industry. Due to the lack of voluntary donations from citizens, organs from executed prisoners have become the main source of organ transplants. [22]" Huang Jiefu said in an interview with CCTV in July 2018 that the quality of the organs of executed prisoners is poor. The requirements for organ sources are very strict, and such organs cannot be obtained on the execution ground[23]. Medical papers show that the quality of donor organs far exceeds that of executed prisoners, indicating that there are other sources of healthy donors. And Falun Gong practitioners are most likely the major source of healthy organs.

Table 1 Examples of the quality of donor organs reported in medical papers:

March 2002 to December 2005	107 cases of liver transplants and liver excisions were performed. Livers were all harvested by in situ hypothermic perfusion whole organ resection. 107 donors were in good health[24].
January 2004 to June 2008	91 cases of orthotopic liver transplants and liver excisions were performed, including 80 males and 11 females aged 19-55 years, with an average of 29 years old. The preoperative liver and kidney function and virological tests were normal. Multi-organ combined rapid excision was executed[25].
January 2004 to July 2006	64 liver excisions were performed. The donors were cadavers with no heartbeat, aged 19-55 years (average 32.5). Preoperative examination showed normal liver and kidney function, no fatty liver, no positive hepatitis C antibody or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody[26].

VII. List of Responsible Persons:

ZNDX-XY001 Ye Qifa, male. Date of birth: December 5, 1954. Birthplace: Gucheng, Hubei.

Personal Profile:

Ye Qifa served as the Vice President of the Third Xiangya Hospital for more than ten years. He’s currently the Director of the Transplantation Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health located in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. He’s also the Director of the Hepatobiliary Surgery Department and the Transplant Surgery Department of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. Ye Qifa is an expert who enjoys special allowances from the State Council. He is also the Executive Chairman of the China OPO Alliance, the Vice President of Organ Transplantation Surgeon Branch of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, a member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese Medical Association Organ Transplantation Branch, the Secretary-general of the Liver Transplantation Group of the Chinese Medical Association Organ Transplantation Branch, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Pharmacogenomics Professional Committee of the Chinese Pharmacological Society, etc. [27]

In 2019, Ye Qifa claimed on his personal website that he had done more than 1,000 liver transplants and over 2,000 kidney transplants. [29]

ZNDX-XY002 Huang Zufa, male.

Personal Profile: Professor of transplantation, chief surgeon, Honorary President of Xiangya Institute of Transplantation Medicine of Central South University, Director of Hunan Transplantation Medicine Center.

He graduated from the Medical Department of the Fourth Military Medical University in September 1977. From 1979 to 1994, he worked in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, and was later transferred to the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.

From 1989 to 1994, he studied abdominal surgery and transplantation at Heidelberg University, the University of Bonn, and the University of Rostock in Germany. In 1992, he obtained a doctorate in transplantation from Heidelberg University, Germany[30]. In 2001, he led the establishment of the Xiangya Institute of Transplantation Medicine of Central South University[31].

He specializes in liver and kidney transplantation. He has successfully presided over and participated in twenty liver transplants and more than a hundred kidney transplants. He mainly focuses on the basic and clinical research of transplantation medicine[32].

ZNDX-XY003 Ming Yingzi, female.

Personal Profile: Professor of transplantation, chief surgeon, Deputy Director of the Thirty-sixth Ward of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, member and secretary of the Hunan Provincial Organ Transplantation Professional Committee, member and secretary of the Hunan Provincial Organ Transplantation Quality Control Center, and expert of the Hunan Provincial Committee for Clinical Application of Human Organ Transplantation Technology

She graduated from the English-German bilingual Department of Clinical Medicine of Wuhan Tongji Medical University in 1994 and the Wuhan Tongji Organ Transplantation Institute in 2004 with a doctorate. She is proficient in English and German and has studied in Germany for above two years. In 2001, as one of the introduced talents, she followed her supervisor Professor Ye Qifa to the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University to carry out organ transplantation work.

She has been engaged in clinical medical treatment, teaching, and scientific research on organ transplantation for a long time. She has participated in and independently performed more than 500 kidney transplants (including living relative kidney transplants) and nearly 200 liver transplants[33].

ZNDX-XY004 Cheng Ke, male.

Personal Profile: Associate professor of transplantation, associate chief surgeon, master student supervisor, academic leader of kidney transplantation in the Engineering Center. He entered Hunan Medical University for a seven-year program in clinical medicine in 1989 and obtained a master's degree upon graduation. Since July 1996, he has been engaged in clinical work in the General Surgery Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital. In 1999, he was certified as an attending surgeon. He has high attainments in the fields of hepatobiliary surgery and laparoscopic surgery. As a technical backbone, he participated in the establishment of the Organ Transplant Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital in 2000.

He specializes in organ transplants. He participated in and independently performed more than 400 kidney transplants (including more than thirty living relative kidney transplants) and nearly 100 liver transplants. With rich clinical experience in organ transplants, he is one of the main leaders in kidney transplantation in the Organ Transplant Center, especially in living relative kidney transplantation and organ transplantation follow-up. He completes more than 1,000 organ transplant follow-up visits every year[34].

ZNDX-XY005 Zhao Yujun, male.

Personal Profile: Associate chief surgeon of transplantation

Since 2001, he has been engaged in clinical and basic work in organ transplantation. In clinical medicine, as a young and middle-aged backbone of Xiangya Institute of Transplantation Medicine of Central South University, he has participated in or independently completed more than 400 kidney transplants (including more than 200 living relative kidney transplants) and more than fifty liver transplants. He independently performed more than fifty cases of joint excision of multiple organs from cadavers. He completes more than 1,000 organ transplant follow-up visits every year[35].

Live transplant, kidney transplant, heart transplant, etc.

ZNDX-XY006 She Xingguo, male.

Personal Profile: Attending surgeon of transplantation

Specialties: Liver transplant, kidney transplant[36].

ZNDX-XY007 Niu Ying, male.

Personal Profile: Attending surgeon of transplantation, Medical Ph.D.

He is proficient in the surgical procedures of liver, kidney, and other large organ transplantation. He can deal with various common complications of liver and kidney transplant patients before and after surgery and is competent in the follow-up of transplant patients[37].

Liver, kidney and other large organ transplantation.

ZNDX-XY008 Ren Zuhai, male.

Personal Profile: Associate chief surgeon of the Third Department of General Surgery, associate professor

After graduating from Wuhan University School of Medicine in 1987, he worked in Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Hospital and the Department of General Surgery of Wuhan Tongji Hospital. In 1998, he went to the Ulm University Hospital in Germany for government-sponsored overseas education, where he specialized in laparoscopic and gastrointestinal surgery under the guidance of the famous surgical expert Professor REisele. In 2003, he was hired as an honorary clinician by Queen Mary Hospital of the University of Hong Kong. He was engaged in the clinical work of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery and liver transplantation under the guidance of Academician STFan, a world-renowned master of hepatopancreatobiliary surgery and the father of Hong Kong liver transplantation[38].

ZNDX-XY009 Wu Kun, male.

Personal Profile: Professor of nephrology, chief surgeon, Director of Blood Purification Center

He’s a German Medical Ph.D. and postdoctoral fellow, engaged in nephrology, dialysis, and kidney transplantation clinical and scientific research and teaching for twenty-eight years.

He had been to the Nephrology Center of Essen University Hospital in Germany to study kidney disease, kidney dialysis, and kidney transplantation for four years[39].

He specializes in kidney transplant-related issues. He participated in and presided over more than one hundred kidney harvesting, repairing, and transplants. [40]

ZNDX-XY010 Liu Lian, male.

Personal Profile: Attending surgeon of transplantation

He specializes in chronic allograft nephropathy and kidney transplants[41].

ZNDX-XY011 Ye Shaojun, male.

Personal Profile: Attending surgeon of transplantation, lecturer

He is good at perioperative management of liver and kidney transplantation and postoperative follow-up and rehabilitation[42].

ZNDX-XY012 Liu Bin, male.

Personal Profile: Attending surgeon of urology, lecturer

He graduated from Xiangya School of Medicine and has been engaged in clinical work in urology for more than ten years.

He specializes in kidney transplants[43].

ZNDX-XY013 Liu Jianxin, male.

Personal Profile: Director of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, chief surgeon, professor

He worked in general thoracic surgery at Hunan Tuberculosis Hospital in 1982 and in pediatric cardiothoracic surgery at Hunan Children's Hospital in 1987. He has studied in the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department of the Second Xiangya Hospital and the Thoracic Surgery Department of Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital.

He has also been to the International Heart Institute of Montana in the USA for further study. He has attainments in clinical research of heart and lung transplantation[44].

ZNDX-XY014 Wang Dianjun, male.

Personal Profile: Deputy Director of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, associate chief surgeon, associate professor

He has been engaged in surgical clinical teaching and scientific research for twenty-one years. He has been in Beijing Fuwai Cardiovascular Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences for half a year for advanced study and research.

He has attainments in clinical research in heart and lung transplantation surgery and comprehensive therapy. His main research direction is heart and lung transplantation[45].

ZNDX-XY015 Zhao Yongxiang, male.

Personal Profile: Professor of cardiothoracic surgery, professor of transplantation, chief surgeon, postdoctoral fellow, master student supervisor, current leader of heart and lung transplantation of the Institute of Transplantation Medicine, Director of the Experimental Center of Transplantation Medicine, expert of cardiothoracic surgery and transplantation medicine.

After studying in the US for three years, he became a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and the University of Pittsburgh. He received the Humboldt-AvH and DAAD scholarships in Germany. He studied at the University of Regensburg in Germany and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom for one year.

He has been engaged in clinical cardiothoracic surgery and transplant medicine for more than sixteen years. He specializes in heart and lung transplantation[46].

ZNDX-XY016 Ouyang Wen, male.

Personal Profile: Chief surgeon of the Department of Anesthesiology, professor of anesthesiology, Medical Ph.D., master student supervisor, member of the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists

After graduating from the Medical Department of Hunan Medical University in 1990, he worked in the Department of Anesthesiology of Xiangya Hospital from July 1990 to January 1996 and received standardized residency training.

He obtained a master's degree in anesthesiology in 1995 and a doctorate in anesthesiology in 2006. Since February 1996, he has worked in the Department of Anesthesiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. In September 2007, he became the chief surgeon of the Department of Anesthesiology.

In December 2003, he served as the Director of the Department of Anesthesiology. Since then, he has been fully responsible for the medical treatment, teaching, research, and management of the Department of Anesthesiology.

From February to April 2005, he visited the Department of Anesthesiology of New York University Medical Center for further study.

His main focus is the basic and clinical research of anesthesia for organ transplantation[47].

ZNDX-XY017 Pan Yuling, male. Date of Birth: January 16, 1963.

Personal Profile: Associate chief surgeon of the Department of Anesthesiology, associate professor

After graduating from Hunan Medical College in 1986, he has been engaged in clinical anesthesia for twenty-one years and has extensive clinical and teaching experience. From 2003 to 2005, he served as the Deputy Director of both the Department of Anesthesiology and the ICU of the Institute of Transplantation Medicine of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. From 2005 to 2007, he joined the foreign aid medical expert team organized by the Ministry of Health and the Hunan Provincial Department of Health and went to Zimbabwe to carry out medical and health foreign aid work.

He specializes in anesthesia for organ transplant surgeries. He has performed anesthesia for more than a hundred liver transplants, hundreds of cadaveric kidney transplants, and more than a hundred parental kidney transplants[48].

ZNDX-XY018 Zhou Zhiming, male.

Personal Profile: Associate chief surgeon of the Department of Anesthesiology, associate professor

He graduated from Peking University Health Science Center (six-year system) in July 1992. From September 1992 to January 1994, he worked in the Department of Anesthesiology of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and received standardized residency training. Since February 1994, he has worked in the Department of Anesthesiology of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.

He participated in the anesthesia and treatment of most major surgeries in the hospital, such as combined thymus-pancreas transplants, kidney transplants, liver transplants, heart transplants, etc. [49]

ZNDX-XY019 Deng Zhihong, male.

Personal Profile: Chief surgeon of ophthalmology, professor

He specializes in penetrating/lamellar keratoplasty for the treatment of various severe corneal diseases. [50]

ZNDX-XY020 Cao Yanna, female.

Personal Profile: Attending surgeon of ophthalmology

She has studied corneal transplantation, corneal tissue bioengineering and eye bank establishment at the Eye Institute of Xiamen University and Xiamen Eye Center. [51]

Reference：

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[16]A WOIPFG Investigation Report on the Chinese Communist Party’s Ongoing Crime of Live Organ Harvesting against Falun Dafa Practitioners (II)
https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/67047

[17] A WOIPFG Investigation Report on the Chinese Communist Party’s Ongoing Crime of Live Organ Harvesting against Falun Dafa Practitioners (III)

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/72524

[18] A WOIPFG Investigation Report on the Chinese Communist Party’s Ongoing Crime of Live Organ Harvesting against Falun Dafa Practitioners (V)

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/96870

[19] A WOIPFG Investigation Report on the Chinese Communist Party’s Ongoing Crime of Live Organ Harvesting against Falun Dafa Practitioners (V)

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/96870

[20] WOIPFG’s 2019 Comprehensive Investigation Results regarding the Chinese Communist Party’s Live Organ Harvesting of Falun Dafa Practitioners

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/125981

[21]China Organ Transplant website - Family Health Newspaper, September 6, 2011 "Facing the Choice of Organ Donation: Living in Another Way"

WOIPFG archive link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/18.png

[22]qq.com, March 7, 2012, “Deputy Minister of Health: Death row prisoners are the main source of organ transplantation in our country”

http://news.qq.com/a/20120307/001217.htm

http://web.archive.org/web/20180408233817/http://news.qq.com/a/20120307…

[23] Face to face, “Huang Jiefu: Reverence for life”

CCTV News App, July 16, 2018

http://archive.is/4iusB

[24]CHINESE JOURNAL OF MODERN OPERATIVE SURGERY, 2006 Volume 10 Issue 03 Pages 179-182

“Anatomical Variation of Hepatic Artery and Liver Transplantation”, Authors: Dai Xiaoming, Ye Qifa, Qi Haizhi, Ming Yingzi, Wang Yonggang, She Xingguo (Transplantation Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center of the Ministry of Health, Central South University Xiangya Institute of Transplantation Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013)

WOIPFG archive link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9301.pdf

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9302.pdf

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9303.pdf

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9304.pdf

[25] CHINESE JOURNAL OF GENERAL SURGERY, 2009 Volume 18 Issue 01 Pages 23-26

“Preparation and reconstruction of hepatic artery anatomic variations of donor liver in orthotopic liver transplantation” Authors: Qiao Bingbing, Ye Qifa, Ming Yingzi, Ye Shaojun, Yi Yanbo, Li Ke (Central South University Xiangya Institute of Transplantation Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013)

WOIPFG archive link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9401.pdf

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9402.pdf

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9403.pdf

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9404.pdf

[26] CHINESE JOURNAL OF GENERAL SURGERY, 2007 Volume 16 Issue 03 Pages 261-264
“Experience of bench preparation of donor liver in liver transplantation” Authors: Ye Shaojun, Ming Yingzi, Ye Qifa, Liu Xiongyou, Huang Xianghua (Central South University Xiangya Institute of Transplantation Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013)

WOIPFG archive link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9501.pdf

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9502.pdf

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9503.pdf

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/9504.pdf

[27]Social Service website of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University

http://shfw.xy3yy.com/xymy/414.html

[28] Transplantation specialty of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University: An introduction to Dr. Ye Qifa

http://www.xy3yy-shfw.com/dwk/yzzk/52.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20150303080156/http://www.xy3yy-shfw.com/dw…

[29]An Introduction to the Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University

http://www.znhospital.cn/DoctorDetail.aspx?did=28