THE FINAL HARVEST - Chapter 7: Associated Forms of Mass Murder
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I. Wang Lijun and his human subject tests
1. The Jinzhou City Public Security Bureau On Site Psychological Research Center conducted “research on organ transplantation from donors who have been subjected to drug injection” using thousands of living candidates
2. An artificial invention that causes brain death – the “collision machine that causes primary brain-stem injuries”
3. Other human subject testing projects
II. China is the Largest Exporter of Plastinated Human Body Specimens
1. The evolution of plastinated human body specimens
2. Plastination factories in China were established after the persecution of Falun Gong began and received support from Party officials at various levels
3. After organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners was exposed to the international community in 2006, the Party banned Von Hagens’ factory, but Sui Hongjin’s factory thrived
4. The mystery surrounding the source of the bodies
5. Investigation shows that some cadavers came from Falun Gong practitioners
III. Many hospitals use “fresh corpses” of healthy young people to perform simulated liver transplant experiments
IV. Multi-organ Transplantation Experiments with Human Bodies
Chapter 7: Associated Forms of Mass Murder
Summary: Alongside the organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners, the Chinese Communist Party has conducted psychological tests on the death process, drug tests, other human subject tests, and autopsy lectures using practitioners. Bodies of Falun Gong practitioners and the remains of those tortured to death have even been made into human specimens using the method of “plastination”, and those bodies have been displayed around the world in profitable exhibitions.
I. Wang Lijun and his human subject tests
The World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong (WOIPFG) suspects that the Party has conducting human subject tests on practitioners. One of the key figures is Wang Lijun, former deputy mayor as well as chief of the Public Security Bureau of Chongqing municipality. On February 6th, 2012, Wang Lijun suddenly travelled to the U.S. Consulate in Chongqing in a quest for political asylum. Wang’s request was denied, yet the incident made Wang Lijun well known worldwide.
According to exclusive information from the Epoch Times, while Wang was at the U.S. consulate he handed over a large amount of classified information on the Party to the U.S. authorities including restricted information on organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners. On the afternoon of April 25th, 2012, there were indications that the U.S. State Department held a briefing at the House of Representatives that same morning, and the incident of Wang Lijun was reported to members of the congress.[1]
Given the Chinese Communist Party’s intransigence on the Falun Gong issue, perhaps it is not all that surprising that the U.S. State Department has yet to publically disclose the information it received from Wang Lijun on the persecution of Falun Gong. However, an independent investigation conducted by WOIPFG demonstrates that Wang Lijun was in a position to disseminate extremely detailed information as he had personally participated in conducting a great number of human subject tests using Falun Gong practitioners.
1. The Jinzhou City Public Security Bureau On Site Psychological Research Center conducted “research on organ transplantation from donors who have been subjected to drug injection” using thousands of living candidates[2]
In May 2003, Wang Lijun, Bo Xilai’s protégé, was reassigned to Jinzhou City, Liaoning, and took on the positions of chief of the Public Security Bureau, and Party Committee Secretary. At the time, Bo Xilai held the titles of Vice Secretary of Liaoning Provincial Party Committee, and Governor of the province. Wang worked under both the Ministry of Public Security and Provincial Party Committee. Shortly after Wang took office, Wang established the “On Site Psychological Research Center”, a facility under the Jinzhou Public Security Bureau. Wang, who had had no medical background, and a middle school education level was formerly transferred from positions in the military to become the director and forensic expert at this research center. A China CCTV news report from 2004 broadcast that this was “the only onsite psychological research center under the Chinese police system” and administered by the most senior police administration of the Party.[3]
Figure 7.1 CCTV article capture
In 2008, Wang Lijun was reassigned to Chongqing. The research center in Jinzhou disappeared along with Wang’s reassignment. Meanwhile, Wang, in cooperation with Southwest University, established the “Southwest University and Chongqing Public Security Bureau On Site Psychological Research Center”. Wang assumed the title of director of the center. After Wang’s arrest in 2012, this research center in Chongqing disintegrated. Apparently, these “research centers” were directly linked to Wang Lijun himself, instead of being associated with any province or city.
According to WOIPFG’s investigation, the On Site Psychological Research Center (OSPRC) performed “researches” on human subjects awaiting execution to study the dying process, including “a person’s psychological changes when facing death”, “changes in vital signs[4]” and the toxic residuals in different organs after toxin injection. These victims might have been killed by toxin injection and/or direct excision of human organs.
On September 17, 2006, Wang Lijun and his OSPRC’s “Research on Organ Transplantation from Donors Who Have Been Subjected to Drug Injection”[5] were given the “Guanghua Innovation Special Contribution Award” by China Guanghua Science and Technology Foundation[6], as well as a research grant of 2 million yuan.[7] Both the secretary of Guanghua Foundation, Ren Jinyang, and Wang Lijun spoke at the award ceremony. Their speeches revealed that the research center used several thousand living candidates to conduct toxin execution and organ transplant. The subjects of their research include a new fluid formula for organ preservation used on organs taken from bodies executed using toxin injection.
At the award ceremony for the Guanghua Innovation Special Contribution Award, in his speech, Ren Jinyang said, "Professor Wang Lijun and the Research Center conducted basic research and clinic trials to study how to resolve the challenging issue, which is that the organ transplant recipients are generally not very receptive to organs injected with drugs. They have created a brand new preservation solution, which is used to provide a perfusion treatment for liver and kidney previously subjected to drugs. After animal tests, in vitro experiments and clinical trials, they have achieved an important milestone where the recipient's body is able to accept the liver and kidney after such a treatment.[8]"
When talking about his research “achievements”, Wang Lijun emphasized, “Our research site and our scientific and technological achievements are the crystallization of several thousand intensive on-site cases; they are the results of the painstaking efforts by so many of us…Jin Yang, the secretary-general of China Guanghua Science and Technology Foundation, and his staff were right there at our site, the very scene of our anatomization and the very spot of transplanting organs into the recipients.”[9]
According to Amnesty International, from 2000 to 2005, the average annual number of executions of death row prisoners in mainland China was 1616.[10] By December 31st, 2004, China had 333 prefecture-level cities. Where would a small city such as Jinzhou find several thousand human test subjects for onsite drug injection in a two-year time-frame?
According to the overview of Jinzhou On Site Psychological Research Center, Beijing University, China Medical University, and the PLA 205 Hospital all participated in the research subject of “Organ Transplantation from Donors Who Have Been Subjected to Drug Injection”.[11] In May 2012, using the name of “Special Investigation Team on Wang Lijun”, WOIPFG conducted a telephone interview with Chen Rongshan, Chief of Urology from the PLA (People's Liberation Army) 205 hospital. Chen Rongshan admitted that donor organs come from detained Falun Gong practitioners.[12] Following are excerpts from the recorded conversation between the WOIPFG investigator, as “member of the Wang Lijun inter-departmental investigation team,” and Chen Rongshan, retired urology chief physician of the PLA 205 Hospital of Jinzhou City. (Download record：MP3)
Figure 7.2 Overview of Jinzhou On Site Psychological Research Center shows that Beijing University, China Medical University, and PLA 205 Hospital participated in organ transplantation from donors who have been subjected to drug injection
Figure 7.3 Former urology chief physician of the PLA 205 Hospital, Chen Rongshan
Chen: Hello?
WOIPFG: Hello, is this Chen Rongshan, the urology chief physician of the PLA 205 Hospital of Jinzhou City?
Chen: Yes, yes, yes, who are you?
WOIPFG: I’m from the Wang Lijun inter-departmental investigation team.
Chen: ah
WOIPFG: When Wang Lijun was at the Jinzhou Public Security Bureau, he was in charge of the On-Site Psychological Research Center. The center had some joint projects with PLA 205 Hospital. Can you tell me more about the projects?
Chen: oh
WOIPFG: He had a project called “Research on Organ Transplantation from Donors who have been Subjected to Drug Injection.” PLA 205 Hospital was the partner. Please tell me more about this project.
Chen: ah
WOIPFG: What I am asking is whether you have cooperated?
Chen: There was also China Medical University.
WOIPFG: Wang Lijun told us that some organ donors were jailed Falun Gong practitioners. Is that true?
Chen: Those are arranged by the court.
WOIPFG: By the court, right?
Chen: yes, yes.
WOIPFG: That is to say that the organs were provided by prisons and labor camps?
Chen: Let me say something, don’t talk about this matter with me, ok?
WOIPFG: Because we are now…
Chen: If you want to talk to me, contact the Political Department of the PLA 205 Hospital first. Ok?
WOIPFG: Well, we’ve already discussed this with them before talking to you.
Chen: No, no, you, the Political Department hasn’t called me. I cannot, cannot, ok?
WOIPFG: They, the telephone number is the same.
Chen: They must call me first, ok?
WOIPFG: We’ve already talked to them.
Chen: Ask someone from the Political Department to call me.
WOIPFG: We’ve already contacted Secretary Lin from the Political Dept.
Chen: That won’t work. We have disciplines in the military. If you want to discuss certain matters, you must first talk to the Political Dept., then someone from the Political Dept. must call me. Alright?
WOIPFG: He told me to contact you directly, so….
Since assuming the title of chief of Chongqing Public Security Bureau, Wang Lijun conducted other human subject tests besides establishing the Southwest University and Chongqing Public Security Bureau On Site Psychological Research Center. Notably, Wang had a patent called “Collision Machine to cause primary brain-stem injuries”, which was developed by Wang to purposely cause brain deaths. The patent inventors included Wang Lijun, Yin Zhiyong, Zhao Hui and Wang Zhengguo.
Figure 7.4 A portion of the instruction manual on Wang Lijun’s patented invention: collision machine to cause primary brain-stem injuries
Publicly available information on this patented invention states that, this is “a utility model which could, to a considerable extent, accurately prepare medium-sized animals by causing them primary brain stem injuries” [13]”. However, the first paragraph of the section on “background technologies” of this publicly available instruction manual states: “the brain-stem is a vital functioning center of the human body. Brain stem injuries usually mean severe head trauma. Primary brain stem injury refers to instantaneous injury caused by direct or indirect violence, and is often caused by traffic accident, violent physical assault or injury by falling. Among those who sustain severe head trauma, about 53% have brain stem injury; and 70% of those who have brain stem injury survive for less than 48 hours. In all traumatic brain injuries, primary brain stem injury accounts for 3%~5%, but its death rate is as high as 71.1%.” This is, without a doubt, a description of brain death for human. Obviously, the “collision machine to cause primary brain steam injuries” is an invention that aims to cause brain death in humans.
Yin Zhiyong, Zhao Hui and Wang Zhengguo jointly published a 4-page article in Journal of Traumatic Surgery, second issue of 2008, which was titled “Quasi-static and Temporal Brain Injuries Caused by Collisions, Simulation Analysis and Its Clinical Significance.”[14] The article also indicates that this particular invention is used for the purpose of studying brain death in man. The article reveals that “as of October 2007, 12 ‘fresh heads’ of just-dead corpses had been used for collision experiments. All the (head) donors were male, aged between 26 and 38, with an average age of 31.”
The above descriptions of the utility model actually make it clear that the machine was intended to collide against human skulls in order to cause brain stem injuries. Because using the “heads of just-dead corpses” for the collision experiments do not serve the purpose of studying the extent of brain stem injury. So, the “fresh heads” refer to the collision experiments using living candidates.
The article did not state where the experimental subjects came from. We have no means of finding out what other human subject tests using living subjects were conducted by hospitals such as the Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, which are major medical institutions in harvesting organs from Falun Gong practitioners.
3. Other human subject testing projects
According to the website of China Guanghua Science and Technology Foundation (CGSTF): “As the leader of Jinzhou On-Site Psychology Research Center (OSPRC) research team, Wang Lijun authored several academic papers that were deemed of great importance and significance, including “On Injury-Free Dissection,” “A Study on Organ Transplant from Donors Who Have Been Subjected to Drug Injection” and “A Study on the Time Dependence of Intestinal and Gastric Excrement of Females from Northern China.”[15]
As a police chief, what could possibly be the purpose for him to be conducting the research topic of “Intestinal and Gastric Excrement of Females from Northern China”? And who were the subjects of his research?
4. The victims of human subject research
This report has demonstrated that hospitals exploiting Falun Gong practitioners for organs are found all across China. On May 22nd, 2006, WOIPFG investigator conducted telephone investigations with relevant government organs within Wang Lijun’s jurisdiction. According to the findings of the investigations: The Intermediate People’s Court of Jinzhou City [criminal court] states that they are still able to provide kidneys extracted from Falun Gong practitioners.[16]
In 2009, WOIPFG published testimony by a person who said he witnessed live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners. This person was a policeman working under Wang Lijun at that time. It is known previously that Wang had issued a strict order to all his policemen, that with regard to Falun Gong, "we must arrest them all and kill them all.”[17]
II. China is the Largest Exporter of Plastinated Human Body Specimens[18]
1. The evolution of plastinated human body specimens
According to an article dated Aug. 23, 2012 by Southern Metropolis Daily, there are several dozens of human body plastination factories in China. Among those, the Von Hagens factory and Sui Hongjin’s Dalian Hoffen are the largest, and both are located in Dalian City. The rest of the factories amount to only 10 percent of the business.[19]
Oriental Outlook Weekly reported on November 24, 2003, that Von Hagens Plastination Co., Ltd, a German-owned enterprise in Dalian has, over the course of 4 years, trafficked many human specimens made from Chinese corpses to the rest of the world and earned hundreds of millions of dollars in profit.[20]
In 2005, Sui Hongjin collaborated with U.S.-based Premier Exhibitions and together, they launched the “BODIES-The Exhibition” in the United States.[21] The specimens were provided by Dalian Hoffen. According to Sui, they signed a five-year lease agreement and Premier Exhibitions paid $25 million dollars for the lease.[22] The first exhibition opened in New York on Nov. 19, 2005, displaying 22 full body specimens and over 260 body parts made from Chinese corpses.[23] By 2012, Sui had sold over 200 human body specimens of Chinese origin to Premier Exhibitions.[24]
From 2004 to the end of 2012, multiple human body exhibitions which were run by Sui Hongjin appeared in over 60 cities and over 20 countries. Exactly how many Chinese bodies had been plastinated and sold to countries worldwide by Sui Hongjin?
Several dozen plastination factories in China were all established after 1999. Von Hagens Plastination Co., Ltd and Dalian Hoffen were among the earliest factories.
1) Bo Xilai, Mayor of Dalian City, approved the establishment of Von Hagens’s plastination factory
In August 1999, one month after the Party launched the persecution against Falun Gong, Dalian municipal government approved Hagens to invest 15 million dollars in a solely foreign-owned enterprise[25], Von Hagens Plastination Ltd., in Dalian Hi-tech Zone.[26] In September 1999, at the Xinghai Friendship Award ceremony, Bo Xilai, then mayor of Dalian City, delivered the award certificate and medal to Hagens.
2) Sui Hongjin established a separate factory and received support from officials of various levels
In 2000, the Ministry of Health and Chinese Association of Science and Technology approved Sui Hongjin’s application to hold China’s first plastinated human body exhibition, “The Body World Exhibit,” scheduled to be launched in 2004.[27] On June 21, 2002, with the support of Dalian Medical University, Sui Hongjin established his own business.[28] Without notifying Hagens, Sui registered a university-owned enterprise, Dalian Medical University Plastination Co. Ltd.[29]
In January 2004, Sui Hongjin expanded his operation and established Dalian Hoffen Bio-Technique Co., Ltd. and served as Chairman of the Board.[30]
According to “Window of the Northeast”, a magazine affiliated with Dalian municipal Party Committee,[31] “Sui Hongjin was very encouraged by the enthusiastic support for the “Body World Exhibit” from officials of all levels. Wu Jieping, then Vice Chairman of the National People’s Conference, wrote the name of the exhibition in Chinese calligraphy. Xue Shepu, member of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and chairman of Chinese Anatomy Society wrote the introduction for the books that accompanied the exhibition. During the exhibition, Wu Yi, then Vice Premier of the State Council, asked the officials from the Ministry of Health to attend the exhibition to provide guidance.[32]
3) The Central Propaganda Department and the Ministry of Health assisted in eliminating “social controversy” surrounding Sui Hongjin’s exhibition
On January 1, 2004, the “Plastinated Human Body” exhibition provided by the Dalian Medical University[33] quietly opened at the Museum of Natural History in Beijing. It was not well received by the populace and was commonly called the “corpse exhibition.” Even the media, controlled by the Central Propaganda Department and only allowed to “speak with one voice”, published different opinions about the exhibition.[34] Four months later, on April 8, 2004, amidst wide spread controversies, the “Plastinated Human Body” exhibition opened which was presented by the Chinese Society for Anatomical Sciences. Compared to the previous low profile exhibition at the Museum of Natural History, this time there was much pomp and circumstance, and a 4-month tour around the country was announced with Beijing as the first stop.[35] Part of the reason for such fanfare was that Dalian Hoffen Biological Co., Ltd. was able to eliminate the controversy it had encountered after passing the on-site inspection by the Ministry of Health and the Central Propaganda Department.[36] On June 11, 2004, Dalian Hoffen’s “Body World” exhibition began in South Korea. On Aug 8, 2005, Sui Hongjin’s plastinated human specimens landed in the United States.[37]
On July 17th, 2006, the nine ministries and commissions of the Party jointly issued “Provisions on the Administration of Entry and Exit of Cadavers and Treatment of Cadavers”. Other than for the purpose of medical research, import and export of cadavers are prohibited.[38] The Provisions took effect on Aug. 1, 2006.
Since the issuance of the Provisions, Von Hagens no longer engaged in body plastination starting in 2006.[39] In 2007, Von Hagens stopped production in China.[40] However, Sui Hongjin’s domestic business of making plastinated human bodies thrived; According to a report by Dalian Television Station on Nov. 23, 2010, Dalian Hoffen’s annual income had reached $200 million dollars.[41]
On Nov. 28, 2007, the China Anatomy Association announced in its annual work report that with the approval from the Ministry of Health, the Association and Sui Hongjin will cooperate in preparing a “human body science world tour”.[42]
On May 15, 2009, Dalian Hoffen opened its “Mystery of Life Museum” to the public.[43] Sui Hongjin was quoted as saying that “The construction of the museum has received generous financial aids and support from Ministry of Finance and China Association for Science and Technology. We have also received a lot of attention and care from other ministries and officials from different levels, including Wu Jieping(academician of Academia Sinica), Zhong Shizhen (academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering), Xue Shepu (academician of Academia Sinica), Zuo Huanchen (standing member, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference; vice chairman, Shanghai Political Consultative Conference), Zhao Jinze (member, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference), Zhang Chengyin (deputy secretary, Liaoning Provincial Party committee), Teng Weiping (vice governor, Liaoning province), Li Wancai (mayor, Dalian City), Wang Ping (standing member, municipal Party committee), and Qu Xiaofei (deputy mayor, Dalian City).”[44]
On April 7, 2011, Dalian Hoffen provided all 310 plastinated human bodies and parts to be on exhibit at the Beijing National Meeting Center.[45]
Even today, such companies based in China are vigorously selling human specimens, and branches of the Chinese state are openly taking part in body transactions. For example: the procurement branch of the government of Mudanjiang City directly took part in bidding[46] for plastinated bodies on chinabidding.com website (approved by the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Finance and National Development and Reform Commission[47] to be an e-bidding platform).[48]
4. The mystery surrounding the source of the bodies
1) The human body plastination process requires “fresh cadavers” with no preservatives
All publicly available lab reports, papers and public notices indicate that the human body “plastination” process stresses on using “fresh” bodies, because “the plastinated human specimens require fresh cadavers in their entirety without the use of preservatives.” For example, on Dec. 29, 2001, von Hagens received an encrypted email from Sui Hongjin, who served as the manager of his plastination factory in Dalian, China. The email reads, “This morning, two fresh, top quality corpses arrived at the factory. The livers were removed only a few hours ago.[49]
2) Gunter von Hagens: “It is impossible to receive donated bodies in China”
On Oct. 21, 2003, Hagens received an email from a subordinate: "So far, we haven’t received any donated bodies yet in China.[50]"On Aug. 17, 2012, Gunter Von Hagens’ son told Deutsche Welle that until then they had received only one Chinese cadaver.[51]
3) Most “fresh corpses” were acquired from public security, procuratorate and court systems
In 2004, the German news magazine Der Spiegel obtained evidence[52]through onsite inspection, confirming that in the “fetus and infant database” maintained by the Von Hagens Plastination factory in Dalian, there was a detailed record of a 9-month-old fetus. The origin of the fetus was clearly written as “Public Security Bureau.” How could a 9-month-old fetus end up in the Public Security Bureau?
In May 2008, a settlement with the attorney general of New York obliged Premier Exhibitions, Sui Hongjin’s exhibition partner, to publish a disclaimer on its website and at the exhibition hall[53]. The disclaimer reads: “This exhibit displays human remains of Chinese citizens or residents which were originally received by the Chinese Bureau of Police.” “Premier cannot independently verify that the human remains you are viewing are not those of persons who were incarcerated in Chinese prisons.”
Figure7.5: Premier Exhibitions, Inc. publishes disclaimer on its website
4) Sui Hongjin stated that none of the corpses were from donors or executed prisoners, and that some corpses were from Dalian Public Security Bureau
On August 17th, 20th, and 21st, 2012, the Southern Metropolis Daily conducted face-to-face, telephone and email interviews respectively with Sui Hongjin, and during the interviews, he said, "In fact, none of the cadavers were from executed prisoners. Since the first day of Dalian Hoffen, we have never used any such corpses!” Sui Hongjin said, “So far none of the bodies we used for plastination is from donation.”[54]
In 2012, WOIPFG investigator conducted a recorded investigation with Sui Hongjin, who said that some “corpses” were from Dalian Public Security Bureau. (Download record: MP3)
Investigator: What is the main source of the corpses your company used?
Sui: A few dozens were from the Public Security Bureau. That’s it, from the Public Security.
Among Sui Hongjin’s human specimens, there was one that stood out, the “female with fetus” specimen. The specimen was a standing female whose anterior was dissected, exposing a three-month embryo in her womb. According to Chinese law, pregnant women cannot be given the death penalty. Even if the woman died in a car accident, her family would never allow their loved ones’ bodies to be made into human specimens. But according to Sui Hongjin, all specimens could only have come from the police bureau. What exactly happened?
Figure7.6: Full Body Female with Fetus
5. Investigation shows that some cadavers came from Falun Gong practitioners
In the telephone interviews conducted by WOIPFG, it was discovered that some human specimens came from Falun Gong practitioners.
1) Investigation conducted on deputy mayor of Dalian, Sun Guangtian:
On September 18th, 2012, WOIPFG investigator, disguised as the secretary of Xia Deren, deputy secretariat of Liaoning provincial Party committee, conducted an interview with Sun Guangtian (the incumbent deputy mayor of Dalian), who served as chief of Dalian public security bureau from 2000~2003. The interview focused on collecting evidence of Bo Xilai and his wife Gu Kailai in selling the corpses of Falun Gong practitioners: (Download record:MP3)
Investigator: This is the secretary of provincial Party committee’s deputy secretariat, Xia Deren. Secretariat Xia would like for me to pass on a message to you
Sun Guangtian: Go on.
Investigator: Many things have happened, and no matter what, you cannot disclose that Bo Xilai’s wife, Gu Kailai was involved in selling the corpses of Falun Gong practitioners…
Sun Guangtian: Mmm. What else do you want to say?
Investigator: Secretariat Xia would like you to pass on the message to relevant insiders who worked at Dalian Public Security Bureau at the time that they need to be careful not to leak this information
Sun Guangtian: Please tell Secretariat Xia that he can trust me to carry this out.
2) Investigation conducted on a director of the “610 office” in Ji county, Tianjin:
In September 2013, Director Zhao of the “610 office” in Ji county, Tianjin admitted that Bo Xilai’s wife, Gu Kailai, was involved in stealing and selling the organs and cadavers of Falun Gong practitioner. (Download record：MP3)
Investigator: Do you know that you guys are a criminal group?
Mr. Zhao, 610 Office: I am (610 Office). Who are you?
Investigator: Once the persecution ends, have you ever thought about what will happen to you? See what had happened to Gu Kalai [the wife of Bo Xilai], on the surface, she...
Mr. Zhao, 610 Office: Gu Kalai was selling organs of Falun Gong.
Investigator: What did you say?
Mr. Zhao, 610 Office: I said, you were talking about Gu Kalai , the one who sold organs of Falun Gong people.
Investigator: Yes, she had two human cadaver plastination factories in Dalian. She sold plastinated full-body cadavers for one million U.S. dollars each; the cadavers without internal organs were sold for $800,000 USD.
Mr. Zhao, 610 Office: Oh,
Investigator: she is a devil.
Mr. Zhao, 610 Office: what she sold were not all from Falun Gong.
III. Many hospitals use “fresh corpses” of healthy young people to perform simulated liver transplant experiments
From January 1999 to August 2006, Weifang People’s Hospital in Shandong Province performed at least 35 liver excisions from “fresh corpses” with modified methods, including five piggyback orthotopic liver transplant operations, four liver transplant surgeries with the classic technique, and 26 simulated liver transplant experiments. All the liver “donors” were male and aged between 19 and 43.[55]
As of 2002, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University performed applied anatomy research on the subject of splitting liver transplantation with 58 Formalin-fixed adult livers and eight fresh livers.[56] As of 2004, this hospital had performed anatomy research regarding regions of the duodenum, the lower segment of the common bile duct and Vater ampulla by using 30 Formalin-fixed adult human corpses and 10 fresh cadavers.[57]
IV. Multi-organ Transplantation Experiments with Human Bodies
Tan Jianming is the deputy head at Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region, the director of the Urology Department at this hospital, the director of the PLA’s Organ Transplant Research Center and a key administrator overseeing the establishment of the national-level clinical transplant department. He performed at least 40 cases of human pancreatic islet cell transplantation in a little more than two years. He had experimented with several hundred rats and was a pioneer in constructing the rat model of diabetic nephropathy in Asia. Unexpectedly, when he tried to apply the same technique to the human pancreas, he encountered countless failures. The first challenge in the pancreatic islet cell transplant is to separate islet cells by using a cell separator and special enzymes, to extract islet cells with sufficient concentration and vitality from the donor’s pancreas.
In the second half of the year 2002, his research took a nosedive, with more than 40 human pancreas experiments failing one after another. However, Tan Jianming persisted. At the end of 2002, he finally succeeded in the separation of human pancreatic cells, and a series of challenges were overcome thereafter, such as the digestion of the adult pancreas, islet cell separation, and the purification and effective treatment of the cells. In early 2003, Tan performed a pancreatic islet cell transplant surgery as chief surgeon on a 13-year-old diabetic patient[58].
Reference：
[1]"Epoch Times" Exclusive: Wang Lijun indeed provided materials of organ harvesting from living Falun Gong practitioners to the US consulate
http://www.epochtimes.com/gb/12/6/20/n3617035.htm
[2]WOIPFG report on “Jinzhou Public Security Bureau On Site Research Center” is suspected of using living Falun Gong practitioners in conducting human subject tests and organ harvesting.
The report was issued on February 16th, 2012, and updated on March 24th and on August 26th.
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/214
[3]CCTV's International Channel, Oct. 21, 2004: The Development and Future of Skull Body Source Authenticating
http://www.cctv.com/program/xwyh/20041021/101709.shtml
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1073.png
[4]The four vital signs."Medical Education Network (www.med66.com)”,September 22, 2009
http://www.med66.com/new/57a306a2009/2009922renyej15128.shtml
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1074.png
[5]Secretary-General Ren Jinyang's Speech at the Award Ceremony for "Guanghua Innovation Special Contribution Award, “Guanghua Dragon Network”, Sept. 19, 2006
http://www.ddfchina.org/71/109-2008-07-07-03-11- 47.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2015/59389_552.png
/sites/default/files/201709/report/2015/325-552.png
[6]Overview of China Guanghua Science and Technology Foundation,"Beijing Guanghua Design and Development Foundation Website
http://www.ghstf.org/2009-03-30-05-07-20.html
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1076.png
[7]China Guanghua Science and Technology Foundation presented the "Guanghua Innovation Special Contribution Award" and hefty award given to researchers in the field of public security."Beijing Guanghua Design and Development Foundation Website." September 21, 2006
http://www.ddfddf.org/index.php/Index/content/id/433
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1077.png
[8]Guanghua Dragon Design Foundation website, Sept. 19, 2006: Secretary-General Ren Jinyang's Speech at the Award Ceremony for "Guanghua Innovation Special Contribution Award"
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/214
[9]Director of the On-Site Psychology Research Center, Professor Wang Lijun's Speech at the Award Ceremony for "Guanghua Innovation Special Contribution Award", "Guanghua Dragon Network",September 19, 2006.
http://www.ddfchina.org/71/108-2008-07-07-03-10- 09.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1079.png
[10] “Report into Allegations of Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioners in China”Author: David Matas and David Kilgour
http://organharvestinvestigation.net/report0607/report060706-eng.pdf
[11]Police Department of Fuzhou's Public Service Site, article source: Liaoshen Evening News, June 13, 2005: On the Scene Witness: A Killer Peacefully Executed by Injection Method, by Chang Qin, reporter stationed in Jinzhou
http://218.66.46.104/frame_a/ReadNews.aspx?webnum=100&rec_id=11185
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1081.png
[12]WOIPFG Report: Wang Lijun’s Colleague, a Transplant Surgeon Admits Harvesting Organs from Live Falun Gong Practitionershttp://www.upholdjustice.org/node/234
[13]"Application Technology Network", primary brain stem injury hit machine patent number: 201120542042
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/10831.pdf
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/10832.pdf
[14]Zhao Hui, Yin Zhiyong, Jiang Jianxin, Wang Zhengguo, Chen Jichuan and Yang Cheng, Finite element analysis and its clinical significance on the impact of brain injury caused by temporal hit under quasi-static." Journal of Traumatic Surgery",2008 No.2,Pages 141-144.
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/10841.pdf
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/10842.pdf
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/10843.pdf
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/10844.pdf
[15]" en.minghui.org "The Horrific Conduct of Wang Lijun, Who Is Suspected of Harvesting Organs from the Living May 16, 2012 By Ge Jun
http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2012/5/16/133374.html
[16]WOIPFG report on “Jinzhou Public Security Bureau On Site Research Center” is suspected of using living Falun Gong practitioners in conducting human subject tests and organ harvesting.
The report was issued on February 16th, 2012, and updated on March 24th and on August 26th.
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/214
[17]WOIPFG Case Report: Witness to a Killing during Live Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioner December 12, 2009
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/192
[18]An Investigative Report on the Source of Human Cadavers Used in the Plastination Industry in China, WOIPFG, Nov. 13, 2012, Updated on July 23, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/236
[19]“Southern Metropolis Daily” Aug 23, 2012 “Dalian Hagens Suspected to use human corpses in exhibition (Photos)” P2 Reporter: Wang Xing, Intern: Yuan Yang
http://www.southcn.com/nfdaily/finance/content/2012-08/23/content_53435285_2.htm
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1089.png
[20]Sohu News, November 26, 2003, “The profiteering “corpse factory” highlights the embarrassment of legal and administration”, Author: Kang Jin
http://zqb.cyol.com/content/2003-11/28/content_779608.htm
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1089.png
[21]“BODIES...The Exhibition is organized by Atlanta-based Premier Exhibitions Inc.
http://www.bodiestheexhibition.com/about-the-company.html
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1091.png
[22]“Southern Daily”, August 23, 2012, “Hagens Accused of using prisoner corpse in Exhibition”, Southern Metropolis reporter: Wang Xing, Trainer reporter: Ruan Yang
http://www.southcn.com/nfdaily/finance/content/2012-08/23/content_53435285_2.htm
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1089.png
[23]Xinhua net, November 24, 2005, “China's real corpse exhibition in US caused a controversy (Photos)”
http://news.66wz.com/system/2005/11/24/100028948.shtml
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1093.png
[24] http://www.bodiestheexhibition.com/about-the-exhibition.html
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1094.png
[25]"Finance China" August 16, 2012 “Hagens Body Plasticization Factory”
http://www.bioparkon.com/show/intro.asp?pid=87
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1095.png
[26]“High Tech Park Online” “Dalian Gaoxin High-tech Industrial Park --- details”
Dalian Gaoxin High-tech Industrial Park is the first state-level high-tech industrial park established in March of 1991.
http://finance.cjzg.cn/yiyao/1345100957998233_1.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1096.png
[27]“Popular Science News” April 15, 2011 “Memorandum of Professor Sui Hongjin and his plasticized human specimens” Repots by Li Yucheng, Chen Meng, and Li Jianrong
http://www.fmed.net/club/article-1405-1.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1097.png
[28]“Dalian Hoffen Cultural Development Co., Ltd. - the Museum of Mystery of Life website” – “Body Worlds science education exhibition”
http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%BF%9E%E9%B8%BF%E5%B3%B0%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&prd=so_1_doc
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1098.png
[29]“Dalian Enterprises Directory” Dalian Medical University Plastination Co. Ltd.
http://dalian014620.11467.com/about.asp
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1099.png
[30] “Dalian Hoffen Biological Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Network” About Hoffen - Company Profile
http://www.hoffen.com.cn/about.asp
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1100.png
[31]“Dalian Hoffen Biological Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Network” About Hoffen - Company Profile
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1101.png
[32]“Window of Northeast” 4th issue of 2009 (Apr 29, 2009) “Sui Hongjin: the liberation of the human specimens” by Li Jiarui and Shen Sisi
http://www.dldj.gov.cn/show.aspx?id=38919&cid=178
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1102.png
[33]“news.sina.com.cn” Jan 8, 2004 “The first exhibition of plasticized human specimens to guide the audience a correct understanding of death”
http://tech.enorth.com.cn/system/2004/01/08/000712873.shtml
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1103.png
[34]“sina.com.cn” Jan 9, 2004 “Controversy around the Plasticized Human Specimens Exhibition – Experts Say that Corpses Deserve Dignity”. Reports by Zhu Shuo from the Beijing Morning News
http://tech.sina.com.cn/other/2004-01-09/0926279798.shtml
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1104.png
[35]“People's Network” Apr 7, 2004, “Body Worlds” Exhibition Encounters Ethical Debate
http://www.people.com.cn/GB/keji/1059/2435069.html
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1105.png
[36]“China's high-tech industries Herald authoritative information platform - China Innovation Network” Dec 28, 2005 “Activate enterprise’s source of innovation to build its own innovation cradle”
http://www.360doc.com/content/11/0127/16/5561963_89380232.shtml
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1106.png
[37] “Dalian Hoffen Biological Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Network” “Hongfeng events”
http://www.hoffen.com.cn/hongfeng.asp
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1107.png
[38] The Provisional Regulations on the use of bodies or organs of the executed prisoners, formulated by the Supreme People's Court, the Supreme People's Procuratorate, Public Security, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Civil Affairs. "Legislation Education Network (www.chinalawedu.com)”October 9,1984.
http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/b/g/200608/20060802960644.html
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1108.png
[39]www.dw.de August 17, 2012 “We Do not Have any Personal Relationships with Bo Xilai”, by Xie Fei
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1109.png
[40] November 28, 2008 "After four Chinese Employees Deported, von Hagens Fired Dozens”
http://blog.wenxuecity.com/myblog/22032/200811/51558.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1110.png
[41] dltv.cn, Nov. 23, 2010, Dalian news
http://www.dltv.cn/xinwen/2010-11/23/cms50476article.shtml
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1111.png
[42] Quality Course Construction of Huzhou Teachers College “Chinese Society For Anatomical Sciences 2007 Work Report and 2008 Work Plan”
http://www.csas.org.cn/news_show.asp?id=55
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1112.png
[43] Dalian Hoffen Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd., cultural exhibition
http://www.hoffen.com.cn/training.asp
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1113.png
[44] CPPCC plans to develop Mysterious Life Museum and other folk cultural industry, in Baidu Library
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/2944f419964bcf84b9d57b0f.html?from=search
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1114.png
[45] “www.cpst.net.cn China Public Science Technology” April 20, 2011 “Sui Hongjin: Ten Years of Struggle”
http://www.cast.org.cn/n35081/n10371505/13429137.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1115.png
[46] www.chinabidding.com “Endorsed by China Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Business and the Development and Reform Committee.”
http://enicb.chinabidding.com/files/home/gywm.htm
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1116.png
[47] www.chinabidding.com “Plastinated Body Bidding Announcement”
http://www.chinabidding.com/bidDetail/223928358.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1117.png
[48]www.mdj.gov.cn Feb. 15, 2012 “Mudanjiang Medical University Educational Human Specimen”
http://www.mdj.gov.cn/zwgk/zfcg/20120215/095751.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1118.png
[49]“spiegel.de” “Händler des Todes” Von Röbel, Sven und Wassermann, Andreas
http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-29725567.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1119.pdf
[50]spiegel.de,“Händler des Todes” Von Röbel, Sven und Wassermann, Andreas
http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-29725567.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1119.pdf
[51]“Deutsche Welle Chinese” Aug. 17, 2012 “We do not have any personal relationship with Bo Xilai” by Xie Fei
http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E5%92%8C%E8%96%84%E7%86%99%E6%9D%A5%E6%B2%A1%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%BB%E4%BD%95%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%A4/a-16173908
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1109.png
[52] www.spiegel.de, “Händler des Todes” Von Röbel, Sven und Wassermann, Andreas.
http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-29725567.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1119.pdf
[53]“Premier Exhibitions website” Disclaimer
http://www.prxi.com/disclaimer.html
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1123.png
[54]finance.nfdaily.cn, Aug. 23, 2012, “Dalian Hagens suspected of using executed prisoners for plastination”
http://www.southcn.com/nfdaily/finance/content/2012-08/23/content_53435285_2.htm
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1089.png
[55]Li Chunyou, Ding Weibao, Li Sen andZhuang Guanyi,Clinical application of modified liver acquisition in orthotopic liver transplantation, "Acta Academiae Medicinae Weifang" 2007Vol. 29 No.03pages253-255(Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, WeifangMedicalCollege, Weifang City People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, zip code 261041)
WOIPFG archived link：http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/11251.pdf
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/11252.pdf
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/11253.pdf
[56]Han De’en, Su Huawei, Li Yulan, Hu Zhanliang, Zhang Xinyu and Zhang Xinchen, Comparative study of the two split methods for liver transplant." Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy", 2002,Vol. 20 No. 02, pages 92-94.
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1126.pdf
[57] Han De’en, Sun Qingfeng, Hu Zhanliang, Lu Chaoyang, ZhongXiangyu, Li Yulan and Wang Zhidong, Practical Surgery Vascular anatomy study on duodenum-preserving pancreatic headresection."Chinese Journal of General Surgery"2004Vol. 19, No.03pages 150-152.
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1127.pdf
[58]Reporter Chen Jinsong and correspondent HuYuejin, "Tan Jianming: be advanced in the field of world clinical transplantation". Guangming Daily, December 24, 2006. Republished on "Guangming News"
http://www.gmw.cn/01gmrb/2006-12/24/content_526553.htm
WOIPFG archived link：
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/1128.png
