Chapter 2: A State Crime

April 22, 2016

Chapter 2: A State Crime
I. Four types of evidence showing Jiang Zemin Personally Issued the Order
Evidentiary line 1: Bai Shuzhong, Minister of Health for the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Logistics Department, and Bo Xilai, member of the Politburo admitted that Jiang Zemin directly gave the order to extract organs from Falun Gong practitioners for transplant operations
1.1 Investigation recording from Bai Shuzhong, Minister of Health for the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Logistics Department
Evidentiary line 2: High level CCP officials knew about the crime of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners
2.1 Zhang Gaoli, current member of Politburo Standing Committee
2.2 Zhang Dejiang, member of Politburo Standing Committee, director of the NPC Standing Committee
2.3 Li Changchun, Member of Politburo Standing Committee
2.4 Liang Guanglie, Former Minister of National Defense, Member of Central Military Commission
2.5 Guo Boxiong, Former member of the Politburo, vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission
2.6 Zeng Qinghong, former member of standing committee of thePolitburo
2.7 Zhou Yongkang, former member of standing committee of thePolitburo, Director of the Political and Legislative Affairs Committee
Evidentiary line 3: Central Political and Legislative Affairs Committee (PLAC) and the 610 System are directly involved in the organ harvesting crime
3.1 Zhou Benshun, Former Secretary-General of Central Political and Legislative Affairs Committee
3.2 Wei Jianrong, Former vice director of Central PLAC Office
3.3 Tang Junjie, former deputy secretary of PLAC in LiaoningProvince
3.4 Secretary Yu working for Luo Gan, former member of the Politburo
3.5 A PLAC official surnamed Li
3.6 Director of 610 Office at Ji County, Tianjin
3.7 Sun Guangtian, Deputy Mayor of Dalian, former Director of Public Security at Dalian
Evidentiary line 4: Military, Police, Judiciary Systems and Hospitals across China Participated in Live Organ Harvesting
4.1 Testimony from a Guard armed with a gun at the live organ harvesting site
4.2 Doctor exposes that “the central government gave direct order” to harvest organs from living prisoners and “hospitals vigorously took part” in the scheme
4.3 PLA 307 Hospital in Fengtai, Beijing
4.4 Intermediate People’s Court of Jinzhou
4.5 Department of Urology at the PLA 205 Hospital in Jinzhou
4.6 ZhongshanHospital Affiliated with Fudan University in Shanghai
4.7 Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region
4.8 Chinese Communist Regime Itself Provided Relevant Evidence; The Crime of Organ Harvesting is Undeniable
II. Military Hospitals and Armed Police Hospitals are complicit in live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners
1. The CCP’s Military and Armed Police Hospitals Have Unusually Rich Organ Donor Sources
2. Military Hospitals as organ suppliers
2.1 Military transplantation experts receive high acclaim
III. The militarization and industrialization of harvesting Falun Gong
1. Military-dominated organ harvesting
2. The local role of military medical agencies
2.1 Special military-local transplantation experts
3. The CCP promoted industrialization of organ transplants

Chapter 2: A State Crime

Summary: This chapter follows four distinct evidentiary trails that lead us to conclude that Jiang Zemin directly ordered the organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners and gave the army the lead role in carrying it out. The evidence also touches on how harvesting has been commercialized, allowing the network of military hospitals and armed police hospitals to share in financial profits.

I. Four types of evidence showing Jiang Zemin Personally Issued the Order

Starting from March 9, 2006, WOIPFG initiated an investigation into organ harvesting centers inside the Party’s judicial system, army, armed police in 31 provinces, and autonomous regions. We recorded more than 2,000 phone conversations (which can be downloaded upon request) from a long list of officials, doctors and transplant brokers. These include:

Members of the standing committee of the Politburo
Vice chairman of the CCP’s Central Military Commission
Central Military Commission member and former defense minister
Minister of Health for the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
General Logistics Department
Central and local political and legislative committees and officials at 610 offices
Armed police
Military hospitals
Doctors in transplant departments
Transplant brokers

Evidentiary line 1: Bai Shuzhong, Minister of Health for the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Logistics Department, and Bo Xilai, member of the Politburo admitted that Jiang Zemin directly gave the order to extract organs from Falun Gong practitioners for transplant operations [1].

1.1 Investigation recording from Bai Shuzhong, Minister of Health for the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Logistics Department.

September 30, 2014 : Bai Shuzhong admitted to WOIPFG investigator: Back then it was Chairman Jiang … there was an order, a sort of instruction, that said to carry out such things, organ transplantation. … Because back then after Chairman Jiang issued the order, we all did a lot of anti-Falun Gong work …” “….that is to say, it was not just the military who was doing kidney transplants ….”

As the highest level administrative leader of one of the organizations that carry out harvesting operations, Bai Shuzhong had a key role in transmitting Jiang’s order to slaughter Falun Gong practitioners. His office term was between 1998 and 2004, which intersects with a peak period of the Falun Gong persecution and live organ harvesting. (Recorded conversation can be downloaded here)

A – Bai Shuzhong, former head of the Health Division for the Chinese PLA General Logistics Department
B – WOIPFG investigator

A: Hello?
B: Hello, is this Bai Shuzhong, former head of the PLA General Logistics Department’s health division?
A: Ah, who is that?
B: …, we would like to ask you for some information.
A: You are
B: ah?
A: Whenever, about what? You (can) speak.
B: This is the situation. When you were the head of the health division for the PLA General Logistics Department, regarding taking organs from the detained Falun Gong people for organ transplantation, was it an order from Wang Ke, the then-director of the PLA General Logistics Department? Or did it directly come from the Central Military Commission?
A: Back then, it was Chairman Jiang.
B: Hmm.
A: There was an order, a sort of instruction that said this.
B: Hmm.
A: It instructed to carry out this thing, that is, organ transplantation.
B: Hmm.
A: Later, Chairman Jiang, (I) heard there was an instruction document, about people selling kidneys for transplant surgeries. This, I should say, was not just the military, which was doing kidney transplants.
B: We also obtained some intelligence, that is to say back then, the Joint Logistics Departments (of the Military Regions) had detained a number of Falun Gong people as live donors, is that true?
A: This, this is back then, ah, I think, at least this is how I remembered, because back then after Chairman Jiang issued the order, we all did a lot of work against the Falun Gong practitioners.
B: You guys (the PLA General Logistics Department) and the Joint Logistics Department No. 1, Joint Logistics Department No. 2, including the Joint Logistics Department No.40 subdivision, and the military hospitals they were in charge of, do you have supervisory relationship with them?
A: We directly control the military medical universities, they are directly affiliated with the PLA General Logistics Department, and they received repeated orders, because Jiang paid a lot of attention to this matter back then, and put a lot of emphasis on this matter.
B: Who put a lot of emphasis on this matter?
A: Jiang, it was when Jiang was in power.
B: Hmm.
A: (Jiang) paid a lot of attention to this matter, there were written orders.
B: From 1998 to 2004, you were ….
A: Correct, correct, correct, (I was) the head of the health division for the PLA General Logistics Department, from 1998 to 2004.
B: Okay, we will end here for now.
A: Ok, ok, good, good, in the future, if something comes up, you can ask me, no problem.
B: Ok, good. Thanks, bye.
A: Bye.

On September 13, 2006, when the then-minister of commerce Bo Xilai accompanied the then-premier Wen Jiabao on a visit to Hamburg, Germany, in a recorded conversation, Bo personally admitted that “Jiang Zemin issued the order of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners[2]” (the recording, in MP3 format, can be downloaded from here)

In this recording, a person who self-claimed to be the First Secretary at Chinese Embassy in Germany asked Bo Xilai to identify who gave the order for live organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners.

Recording of Call (audio file in Chinese, with English transcript below)

Operator: Good evening! Hamburg Atlantic Kempinski Hotel. My name is… (sounds like Hans Motte)
First Secretary: Good evening! Please transfer me to Room 5 ... No, Room 252 (sounds like 252 in German).
Operator: What’s the guest’s name?

First Secretary: Bo.
Operator: One moment, please.
Bo Xilai: Hello, Hello, Hello, Who is this?
First Secretary: Is this Minister Bo Xilai?
Bo: Where are you calling from?
First Secretary: I am from the embassy. I am the first secretary at the embassy.
Bo: Hmm.
First Secretary: I have something urgent. The German Foreign Ministry told us this afternoon, that something needs to be clarified.
Bo: Hmm.
First Secretary: That is, to say, when you were the governor of Liaoning Province… As this relates to their meeting with you tomorrow, so they would like to clarify. That is, when you were the governor of Liaoning Province, that is, was the order issued by Jiang Zemin, President Jiang, or did you participate in this…That is to say, regarding the matter of live organ harvesting of Falun Gong (practitioners), was that your order or Jiang Zemin’s order?
Bo: President Jiang’s!
First Secretary: The German Foreign Ministry wants to verify. That is, if, if you have been involved in this matter, some of their meetings and specifications of their attendance may have changes. It was said that because Falun Gong (practitioners) submitted a ... (interrupted by Bo Xilai)
Bo: Stop talking about this. You tell your Ambassador Ma (i.e. Ma Canrong, the then-Chinese ambassador in Germany).
First Secretary: No, this thing, immediately, they just submitted (a document) this afternoon. A diplomatic note was delivered to us, saying... (interrupted by Bo Xilai again)
Bo: You go talk to Ambassador Ma. Do not talk to me. Ambassador Ma cannot handle such a thing?

Evidentiary line 2: High level CCP officials knew about the crime of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners ^{^[3]}

WOIPFG conducted an investigation on five members of the standing committee of the Politburo, the Vice chairman of the CCP’s Central Military Commission, Central Military Commission member and the former defense minister. The results confirm:

Jiang Zemin was associated with the order to use organ harvesting on Falun Gong practitioners
Zhou Yongkang was directly involved in implementing the policy
The PLA General Logistic Department is the core organization responsible for organ harvesting

2.1 Zhang Gaoli, current member of Politburo Standing Committee

On June 24, 2015, when Zhang went to Kazakhstan on a visit, a WOIPFG investigator who disguised as a secretary working for Jiang phoned Zhang Gaoli, and asked him about Jiang’s order to harvest Falun Gong practitioners.[4] (Recorded conversation can be found in Chapter 6, Section 7).

2.2 Zhang Dejiang, member of Politburo Standing Committee, director of the NPC Standing Committee

On June 15, 2015, when Zhang Dejiang went to India on a visit. A WOIPFG investigator called Zhang Dejiang in the name of secretary Liu working for Jiang Zemin. When Zhang was asked, “Comrade Jiang Zemin wanted to know, if Zhou Yongkang had confessed the fact that Jiang Zemin made the decision of live organ harvesting from imprisoned Falun Gong practitioners?” Zhang answered, “Can we talk after I am back in China? Okay?” “I am currently abroad, it is inconvenient to talk over the cell phone.[5]”

(Recorded phone conversation in MP3 format can be downloaded from
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/48017)

2.3 Li Changchun, Member of Politburo Standing Committee

On April 17, 2012, in a disguised phone call with Li Changchun, a WOIPFG investigator asked Li, “we should use Bo Xilai’s involvement in murdering and removing organs from Falun Gong practitioners to convict Bo..”, Li answered, “Zhou Yongkang is in charge of this specifically. He knows it.[6]” (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

2.4 Liang Guanglie, Former Minister of National Defense, Member of Central Military Commission

The telephone investigation took place during Liang’s trip to the U.S. from May 4 to May 10, 2012. Liang admitted to a WOIPFG investigator that the Central Military Commission held meetings to discuss the issues about Falun Gong practitioners detained by the military and that the military hospitals were involved. Liang suggested that it was the General Logistics Department that should be contacted to collected related information instead[7]. (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

2.5 Guo Boxiong, Former member of the Politburo, vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission

During Guo Boxiong’s visit to Central America between October 23 and November 4 in 2011, a WOIPFG investigator had a disguised phone investigation with Guo. Guo did not deny the existence of “live organ harvesting from imprisoned or detained Falun Gong practitioners for transplant operations,” he just emphasized that further discussion should be conducted “through telephones capable of maintaining secrecy.[8]” (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

2.6 Zeng Qinghong, former member of standing committee of thePolitburo

On August 8, 2007, Zeng Qinghong attended the 60^th Anniversary Celebration of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A WOIPFG investigator was able to reach him by calling to connect to his hotel room. During the phone conversation, Zeng did not deny the statement that “Military armies participated in live organ harvesting from detained Falun Gong practitioners,” he emphasized that the investigator (disguised) needs to “through normal channels on your side” to collect information[9]. (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format from here.)

2.7 Zhou Yongkang, former member of standing committee of thePolitburo, Director of the Political and Legislative Affairs Committee

On May 29, 2008, a WOIPFG investigator, disguised as “Li Chuncheng, Secretary of Communist Party Committee of Sichuan Province,” talked to Zhou Yongkang, Zhou did not deny the statement that Falun Gong practitioners were held at facilities such as combat readiness warehouses and bomb shelters, he only emphasized that this matter can only be discussed through secret phones[10]. (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

Transcripts and MP3 files of recorded message in Evidence Two through Evidence Five can be found at (except the newest evidence from Zhang Dejiang):

Chinese: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/46728
English: http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

Evidentiary line 3: Central Political and Legislative Affairs Committee (PLAC) and the 610 System are directly involved in the organ harvesting crime.

3.1 Zhou Benshun, Former Secretary-General of Central Political and Legislative Affairs Committee

In November 2008, Zhou Benshun, the then Secretary-General of Central PLAC, accompanied Zhou Yongkang, the director of Central PLAC, on a visit to Australia. A WOIPFG investigator disguising himself as Yang Hui, Head of the Second Department of PLA General Staff Headquarter, tried to collect testimony from Zhou Benshun. Zhou admitted, “Such things as live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners in our country - it does exist in our country.” When asked, of all the staff member on the visit that time, who was involved or had contact with this state secret?” Zhou did not answer directly; instead, he emphasized that it must go through the embassy to be able to talk to him for further information.

Zhou Benshun was the vice secretary-general and later secretary-general of the Central PLAC from 2014 to 2013. Ultimately, he was one of the high-level officials and organizers who was involved in the implementation of harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners[11]. (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format MP3)

3.2 Wei Jianrong, Former vice director of Central PLAC Office

On September 26, 2008, former vice director of Central PLAC Office Wei Jianrong admitted that live organ harvesting from detained Falun Gong practitioners “started a long time ago.[12]” (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

3.3 Tang Junjie, former deputy secretary of PLAC in LiaoningProvince

Liaoning Province was suspected to be the very first province involved in large-scale live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners. On April 13, 2012, when the former deputy secretary of PLAC in Liaoning Province Tang Junjie was asked “What kind of directions or commands did Bo Xilai give regarding removing organs from Falun Gong practitioners,” Tang answered, “I was asked to take care of this task. Party central is actually emphasizing this.” … “At that time we mainly discussed it during the meetings within the Standing Committee.[13]” (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

3.4 Secretary Yu working for Luo Gan, former member of the Politburo

When CCP started the persecution of Falun Gong, Luo Gan was the director of central PLAC. On October 28, 2006, Luo Gan’s secretary surnamed Yu said, “it’s not easy for me to explain it to you clearly in a short conversation” and he asked the disguised investigator to call him from a secret phone[14]. (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

3.5 A PLAC official surnamed Li

In September 2008, a PLAC official in Beijing surnamed Li said, “Officials above department level know this secret.[15]” (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

3.6 Director of 610 Office at Ji County, Tianjin

Director of 610 Office at Ji County, Tian Jin, admitted to a WOIPFG investigator that the human corpses sold by Bo Xilai’s wife Gu Kailai “were not just limited to corpses of Falun Gong practitioners.[16]” (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

3.7 Sun Guangtian, Deputy Mayor of Dalian, former Director of Public Security at Dalian

On September 18, 2012, a WOIPFG investigator disguised himself as the secretary of Xia Deren, Deputy Secretary of CCP Committee of Liaoning Province, and tried to collect testimony from Sun Guangtian, who was the director of Public Security at Dalian from 2000 to 2003. They talked about Bo Xilai and his wife’s involvement in selling Falun Gong practitioners’ corpses[17]. (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

Evidentiary line 4: Military, Police, Judiciary Systems and Hospitals across China Participated in Live Organ Harvesting^{^[18]}

4.1 Testimony from a Guard armed with a gun at the live organ harvesting site

On September 11, 2013, WOIPFG published “Collection of Evidence of Live Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party[19]”. In this report, an armed police who used to be an armed guard at the live organ harvesting site testified that he witnessed the entire process of organ harvesting from a Falun Gong practitioner. In 2002, the witness was working for the public security system of Liaoning Province and he participated in illegal arrests and torture of Falun Gong practitioners. Among them was a female Falun Gong practitioner in her 30s who had wounds and scars covering her entire body, after a week of torture and force-feeding.

At that time, Wang Lijun, the chief of Jinzhou Public Security Bureau, had told the police that they “must eradicate them all”. On April 9, 2002, the Public Security Bureau of Liaoning province sent a military surgeon from the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region of People's Liberation Army and another military surgeon who had graduated from the Second Military Medical University. While the female practitioner was fully conscious, without using any anesthesia, they harvested her heart, kidneys and other organs. (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

4.2 Doctor exposes that “the central government gave direct order” to harvest organs from living prisoners and “hospitals vigorously took part” in the scheme

On April 14th, 2006, an insider who had worked for over 20 years in Jinan’s medical institutions, and who, tormented by his conscience for having kept quiet about the evils he had witnessed, wrote to an overseas media:

Two hospitals in Shandong province, Qianfoshan Hospital and Police General Hospital (commonly known as the Laogai hospital, or “reform through labor” hospital) have been directly involved in harvesting organs from living Falun Gong practitioners. In addition, these hospitals received clear orders on organ harvesting directly from as high as the central government, and have vigorously carried out the order. Many transplant operations performed at these hospitals were the result of collusion between the two hospitals and the Shandong Prison, Shandong Women’s Prison, other prisons and reeducation through labor camps. They have carried this out in a “large-scale assembly line” manner, from securing living candidates for the transplants, extracting organs from candidates, transplanting organs to clients, to dividing up the profit among themselves. Qianfoshan Hospital, in conjunction with Tianjin, established the Shandong Liver Transplant Center of Dongfang Organ Transplant Research Institute. The Center has conducted the most number of liver transplants in Shandong, and boasts medical advancements in this particular field. In addition, the Center routinely conducts other transplant operations including kidney, testicle, lung and cornea transplant.

Qianfoshan Hospital has 800 hospital beds, over 300 near-high level technical positions, 44 Doctoral and Master degree advisors, as well as over 90 professors and associate professors who teach part-time at Shandong University. Currently known as Clinical Medical University of Shandong, Qianfoshan Hospital has taken on the tasks of instructing clinical practice to a number of medical institutions including Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Taishan Medical University, Binzhou Medical University and the provincial level school of health. As stated by a witness who also exposed the Sujiatun concentration camp, because there’s nothing to ensure that the lives of Falun Gong practitioners remain unharmed, their bodies have been used by hospital interns to conduct medical experiments.

4.3 PLA 307 Hospital in Fengtai, Beijing

Chen Qiang is the kidney broker representative for the PLA 307 Hospital in Bejing. He admitted that, officials, police, and the prison operation act like an assembly line in the harvesting of Falun Gong practitioner. (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

4.4 Intermediate People’s Court of Jinzhou

A police from the first division of criminal law at the Intermediate People's Court of Jinzhou says: “If the conditions (referring to prices) are good, I think we can still provide (organs).” (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

4.5 Department of Urology at the PLA 205 Hospital in Jinzhou

Director of Department of Urology Chen Rongshan said, “donor organs come from detained Falun Gong practitioners, who went through the court.” (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.) Chen also guaranteed to keep the organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners for organ transplantation secret. (Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

4.6 ZhongshanHospital Affiliated with Fudan University in Shanghai

A surgeon at the Liver Transplant Center offered consultation to an investigator posing as a buyer.

Investigator: Are there any organs from Falun Gong practitioners? I heard that this kind is generally very good…
Doctor: What we have here is all this type.

(Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

4.7 Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region

Investigator: We found that kidneys from young donor are good. Another thing is that the kidneys from Falun Gong detainees are indeed better. Do you have this kind?
Zhu: We do not have many Falun Gong (practitioner)kidney sources either.
Investigator: You still have some of this (kidney from Falun Gong practitioner) kind?
Zhu: It is not difficult to find Type B kidney (Falun Gong practitioner’s donors). If you want, you can come; we will do it pretty soon, definitely before May 1.
Investigator: Do you have one batch prior to May 1?
Zhu: We will have several batches.
Investigator: How about after May 1?
Zhu: If you wait until after May 1, it will be more likely to be around 20 May.
Investigator: If you could obtain Falun Gong (practitioner)kidney sources in this period of time, could you let me know?
Zhu: No problem, you come over and we can talk then...

(Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

4.8 Chinese Communist Regime Itself Provided Relevant Evidence; The Crime of Organ Harvesting is Undeniable

In 2008, the Chinese embassy in Canada provided to the public a TV program produced by Hong Kong Satellite TV in an attempt to deny the charge of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners. In the program, Luo Guoping, Guangxi National Hospital Urology transplant doctor, admitted that he was the person who answered a phone call from a WOIPFG investigator on May 22, 2006.

Investigator: Do you think they can find a donor body from Falun Gong for me?
Lu: If you go there it shouldn’t be a problem at all.
Investigator: They can find it?
Lu: I can tell you, it’s an easy job for them to get organs.
Investigator: Easy job?
Lu: Since they do seven or eight liver transplants a week, they can do over ten kidney transplants a week. Every month they do dozens of transplants. So they don’t worry about getting organs.
Investigator: Did your schoolmates tell you he used the organs from Falun Gong practitioners, did he?
Lu: Some are from Falun Gong, some are donors from family.

(Download the recorded phone conversation in MP3 format here.)

Top surgeons from all over the country admit that Falun Gong practitioners were used as organ donors and guarantee that, in most cases, they can arrange the transplant within one or two weeks.

Table 2.1 Hospitals that Admitted Using Falun Gong Practitioners’ Organs in Phone Recordings

Hospital	Confirmation of Falun Gong practitioners as source
1. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) No. 307 Hospital	Chen Qiang, a surgeon of the hospital’s transplant department and kidney broker, admitted that the CCP officials, police and prison authorities orchestrate and operate the trade in Falun Gong practitioners’ organs, and they could even provide identification information, proving that the organ donors were indeed Falun Gong practitioners.[20]
2. The People’s Liberation Army No. 205 Hospital	Chen Rongshan, the head of the Urology Surgery Department admitted that the “donors” were detained Falun Gong practitioners, and this was done through the court.[21]
3. Tianjin First Central Hospital	Director Song said, “We have similar situations (Falun Gong practitioner organs).”[22]
4. Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai	A surgeon said, “What we have here are all of this type (i.e. Falun Gong practitioners).”[23]
5. Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Shanghai First People’s Hospital)	Surgeon Dai said, “There is one kind, the ones doing the practice. Their bodies are very good.”[24]
6. Guangxi National Hospital	Urology transplant surgeon Lu Guoping admitted the hospital used Falun Gong practitioners as the source.[25]
7. Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University	Falun Gong practitioners were used as the source for organs.[26]
8. General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region	Investigator: If you could obtain Falun Gong (practitioner) kidney sources in this period of time, could you let me know? Surgeon Zhu Yunsong: No problem, you come over and we can talk then...[27]
9. Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical University	Investigator: What about kidney sources from prisoners who practice Falun Gong at your place? Doctor: I would say not bad.[28]
10. Wuhan Tongji Hospital	Investigator: Using supplies of live organs from Falun Gong (practitioners), is that ok? Answer: It's not a problem.[29]
11. Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital	Investigator: There are some livers come from Falun Gong practitioners. So I want to know if you have this type or not? Doctor: Um. You just need to come.[30]
12. Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region	Director Tang of kidney transplant department said, “If it is available from Falun Gong, then we use it.”[31]
13. First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University	Cardiovascular surgery department and research lab director Shen Zhenya said, “Falun Gong practitioners,..., Yes, we also have. We had one case this year…”[32]
14. The Second Artillery General Hospital	Lu Wei, deputy director of transplant department, “(We) still do (organ transplants) right now. In the past, we used Falun Gong donors.[33]
15. Beijing Anzhen Hospital	Deputy Chief Physician Zeng Wen of cardiac surgery department said, “I think you also know where the majority of donors come from. I think you know this very well, so we don’t have to say it out explicitly…”[34]
16. Second Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing Yuquan Hospital	Surgeon Li Honghui said they could provide Falun Gong practitioners’ kidneys[35].
17. Chengdu City Air Force Hospital	Director Xu Yahong said that there would be a batch of kidney donors in the middle of May 2006, and that the hospital could provide young and healthy Falun Gong organs[36].
18. Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province	Ophthalmology department doctor Liang Xianjun said, “The previous donors were Falun Gong and condemned prisoners.”[37]
19. Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College	A surgeon said that there would a batch of organ donors coming to the hospital in mid-April, 2006. The practitioners had better health. The kidneys were from young people of 20-30 years-old, with no infectious diseases, AIDS or syphilis.[38]
20. General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region	A doctor said, “Falun Gong practitioners? Oh, that has nothing to do with you. You just want to have a kidney transplant operation? Rest assured, (the donors) we have are all young guys in their 20s.”[39]

II. Military Hospitals and Armed Police Hospitals are complicit in live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners

Ever since the Chinese communist regime launched the persecution of Falun Gong practitioners in 1999, General Army Hospitals, armed police force, hospitals affiliated with military Medical colleges, 12 General Hospitals in 7 military zones, and hospitals identified with a PLA number started or expanded the practice of organ transplants. At least 37 military and armed police hospitals in China have carried out more than 1,000 operations in a single category.

For example, the Armed Police General Hospital carried out 200 to 300 liver transplants in a single year. This matches the total number of operations in 20 to 30 years, performed by a U.S. military hospital of a similar caliber.
Shi Bingyi, director of the Transplantation Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, claimed in a March 2009 report[40] that he had “completed more than 1,580 kidney transplants and more than 360 kidney transplants in recent years.”[41]Even the largest army hospital in the United States cannot match a fraction of this number of cases.
As of December 2014, the CCP’s military and armed police hospitals have completed 116,665 cases of kidney transplant and 26,497 cases of liver transplants.

Table 2.2: Military Hospitals with more than 1,000 Kidney and Liver Transplants (Including Estimates)

Name of Hospital	Number of Kidney Transplants	Number of Liver Transplants	Total
General Hospital of the PLA	3,524	770	4,294
General Hospital of the PLA Navy	Several hundred	Several thousand	Several thousand
PLA No. 309 Hospital	4,629	800	5,429
First Affiliated Hospital of the General Hospital of the PLA (No. 304 Hospital)	1,500		1,500
General Hospital of the PLA Air Force	1,500	500	2,000
Affiliated Southern Hospital of the Southern Medical University	8,680	1,191	9,871
Zhujiang Hospital of the Southern Medical University	4,200	420	4,620
Long March Hospital affiliated with the Second Military Medical University of the PLA	5,481	2,790	8,271
No. 3 Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University of the PLA (Oriental Liver and Gallbladder Surgery Hospital)		5,000	5,000
Southwestern Hospital affiliated with the Third Military Medical University of the PLA	2,000	1,540	3,540
Xinqiao Hospital affiliated with the Third Military Medical University of the PLA	5,190	146	5,336
Daping Hospital affiliated with the Third Military Medical University of the PLA	1,898	146	2,044
Xijing Hospital affiliated with the Fourth Military Medical University of the PLA	2,250	400	2,650
Nanjing General Hospital of the Nanjing Military Region of the PLA	10,000		10,000
Fuzhou General Hospital of the Nanjing Military Region	4,210	723	4,933
General Hospital of the Jinan Military Region	2,731	120	2,851
General Hospital of the Shenyang Military Region	3,300	650	3,950
General Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Region	2,250	391	2,641
Wuhan General Hospital of the Guangzhou Military Region	1,500	100	1,600
General Hospital of the Chengdu Military Region	1,700		1,700
The PLA No. 307 Hospital	1,500		1,500
The PLA No. 181 Hospital	2,900	520	3,420
The PLA No. 452 Hospital	1,500		1,500
No. 281 Hospital of the Beijing Military Region	1,375		1,375
The PLA No. 254 Hospital	2,612		2,612
Tianjin Hospital of the PLA Air Force	2,613		2,613
The PLA No. 264 Hospital	1,000		1,000
The PLA No. 101 Hospital	1,575		1,575
The PLA No. 303 Hospital	3,000	400	3,400
The PLA No. 161 Hospital	1,940		1,940
The PLA No. 458 Hospital	2,250	200	2,450
No. 153 Central Hospital of the PLA	2,117		2,117
The PLA No. 463 Hospital	3,000		3,000
General Hospital of the Armed Police	3,187	1123	4,310
Affiliated Hospital of the Armed Police Medical University	3,000		3,000
General Hospital of the Shaanxi Province Armed Police	1,307		1307
General Hospital of the Anhui Province Armed Police	1,150		1150

1. The CCP’s Military and Armed Police Hospitals Have Unusually Rich Organ Donor Sources

Our investigation reveals that military hospitals have ample donor organs. Not only are the number of their transplants very large, but they also have enough organs to export. Many hospitals which also have a large number of donor organs have said that the donor organs are from the military.

Among these military hospitals, there is one privately run Xi’an High-tech Hospital, a Sino-foreign joint venture established in 2003. Since Shi Bingyi, the director of the military’s Organ Transplant Center, served as its chief surgical expert, the hospital performed more than 500 kidney transplant operations and more than 10 liver transplants within two years.[42] Taiping Hospital in Dongguan is a township hospital. However, with the support of Zhujiang Hospital, a former military hospital, Taiping Hospital performed more than 3,000 cases of kidney transplant before 2007, and staked a claim to be the second largest hospital in China, in terms of the organ transplant operations.[43]

Table 2.3: Military Hospitals organ supply

Military Hospital	Information on Organ Donors in Military Hospitals
PLA No. 452 Hospital (Air Force Hospital in Chengdu)	2006: Li Honghui, a kidney transplant surgeon with the Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, said that due to abundant donor sources in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, he was transferred to support the local military hospital. For three consecutive days, the hospital’s doctors admitted that there were young, healthy donors, who practiced Falun Gong.[44]
General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region	The ophthalmology department of the hospital has the largest eye bank in the military system and in the Northeastern region.[45] It claims to have ample donor sources.[46] This hospital has the largest number of corneal transplants performed within the Northeastern region. Moreover, it is the only hospital that can provide corneas on demand.[47]
PLA No. 303 Hospital	A doctor said: The hospital has a very good pipeline to obtain organs, and it has more donors than many other hospitals.
General Hospital of Beijing Military Region	The hospital’s Liver Transplant Center started clinical liver transplants in 1999, claiming “Liver transplant is a routine operation…We have established a fast and well-connected channel to obtain donor livers. We can obtain high quality donor livers, not only from Beijing and surrounding areas, but also from other provinces and cities.”[48]
General Hospital of Jinan Military Region	During the May 1 public holidays in 2001, Jiang Hua, from the ophthalmology department of Jinan Military Region General Hospital, led his entire department to continuously perform corneal transplants. During the day, they went to other locations to collect corneas, and in the evenings, they performed surgeries. They worked around the clock every day for the entire week.[49]. This article published in 2009 says in the end, “Over the years, many holidays were spent in this way.” Over “many holidays”, they went to other places to collect corneas, and then they would immediately perform the transplants. This indicates that the corneas were freshly cut, and they were not taken from any eye bank (“eye banks in China are basically in a state of zero inventory.”)[50]

2. Military Hospitals as organ suppliers

Table 2.4: Military hospitals provide organs for local hospitals

Local hospitals	Information on military hospitals providing organs for local hospitals
First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University	Peng Xuemei, an anesthesiologist, who has performed organ transplants with Ding Hongwen at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, said that they had many donor organ sources, including the Nanfang Hospital with a military background.[51]
Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University	“The donors are found directly from the military.”[52]
Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University	Reporter: “I heard a lot of organs are controlled by the military, it is said that there is a hospital in Shanghai getting donors directly from the source?” Tan Yunshan: “The livers are all taken from the sources.”[53]
Yiyang City People’s Hospital	Kidney Transplantation section claims, “With the collaboration of the PLA General Hospital and Kidney Transplant Center of First Military Medical University Affiliated Hospital, we choose the best kidneys with comprehensive examination in advance to ensure the quality of matching, so that the donor kidney selection could be the most suitable.”[54]
Shanghai Purui Eye Hospital	On May 15, 2011, the director of Guangzhou Air Force Hospital’s Department of Ophthalmology, Jing Lianxi, visited Shanghai Purui Eye Hospital. Jing said, “The Guangzhou Air Force Hospital, with our unique advantages, will provide high quality corneas to Shanghai Purui Eye Hospital.”[55] The so-called unique advantages would be the ample supply of high quality corneas.
Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Medical University	This Hospital swap Falun Gong practitioner donors with Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region[56].

2.1 Military transplantation experts receive high acclaim

The career of Wu Mengchao illustrates how highly the Chinese military regards organ harvesting expertise. Wu is the director of the Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital of the Second Military Medical University. As the chief consultant of the Army organ transplant conference he is identified as "the father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery."

During the peak period of live organ Harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners, Wu Mengchao obtained the 2005 Annual National Supreme Science and Technology Award.[57] On January 17, 2006, Sun Dafa, political commissar of the General Logistics Department, awarded one million to Wu Mengchao.[58] By 2010, Wu had completed more than 4,000 cases of liver transplantation. On October 10, 2011, the Central Propaganda Department, the Ministry of Health, the General Political Department, General Logistics Department, and the Shanghai Municipal Committee jointly held a "Wu Mengchao report" in the Great Hall. Xu Caihou (Former Vice Chairman of CPC Central Military Commission), Li Jinai (present director of the General Political Department), Liao Xilong(Presnt director of General Logistics Department) attended the meeting.[59] These three persons have key roles in military-run organ harvesting.

State media reported that Jiang Zemin had met Wu Mengchao four times. Jiang personally signed an order for the Central Military Commission to award Wu the honor of "Leading Medical Expert," a first-class medal.[60]

III. The militarization and industrialization of harvesting Falun Gong

1. Military-dominated organ harvesting

The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) is led by Chinese Communist Party (CCP), and it is one of a few armies in the world which belongs to party not the country. It is a tool of the CCP to rule the people of China. In the report on April 2006 from Sanlian Life Weekly, industry sources revealed that 98% organ transplantation sources are not controlled by the health care system, which implies that the military as well as political and legal system dominate Chinese organ transplantation industry and control the organ sources.[61]

The evidence suggests that large-scale harvesting organs from living Falun Gong Practitioners was ordered directly by Jiang Zemin, systematically arranged by the Center Military Commission and implemented by the army and local hospitals with different roles. Chinese Communist Party has established a militarized one-stop industry of living organ harvesting and transplantation by killing on demand", which is in the core of General Logistics Department, dominated by the military, implemented by armed police forces, political and legal system, health care system and organ agents.[62]

In the army, the General Logistics Department plays a key role. It cooperates with the Armed Police Forces, the Political and Legal System, and the Health Care System. It short listed the Falun Gong practitioners who were arrested when they went to Beijing to petition and who were arrested and kidnapped in the rest of the country. The practitioners were blood tested. The data were input into computer system. A huge living organ bank was set up. Then the sources are deployed nationwide to ensure that the living organ suppliers can be found within the shortest time. The General Logistics Department controlled the dispatch, transportation, handover, security and accounting with unique army methods involving both secrecy and centralization.[63]

After the CCP began to persecute Falun Gong practitioners, military hospitals recruited many transplantation experts from local hospitals to enter the armed forces, and then training doctors to perform large numbers of organ transplantations. Approximately 100 hospitals began to expand the scale of their organ transplantations while medical Staff in the field of organ transplantation exceeded 2,098. In essence, Chinese military hospitals became homicide agencies - first in the quantity of organ transplantation among armies in the world, while still providing organs and technical support to local hospitals.

By contrast, among the 250 US hospitals that are involved in organ transplantation, only eight belong to the military, and their sole purpose is to provide services to veterans. Walter Reed Army Medical Center, has only about 30 cases of transplantations every year. Portland Transplant Center, the first one to carry out liver transplantation in the US military, had a mere 252 cases of transplantations since 1989. Annual liver transplantations in the US military hospitals is only equal to a fraction of the transplants that one Chinese military hospital or one transplantation expert performs within one year[64].

2. The local role of military medical agencies

Chinese military, armed police forces, and public security hospitals not only extract, sell, and transplant organs from living Falun Gong practitioners in large quantity and simultaneously undertake to transplant organs for Chinese leaders and dignitaries, but also provide technical support to local hospitals to train surgeons.

2.1 Special military-local transplantation experts

Famous transplantation experts from local hospitals have been specially recruited to enter the army and armed police forces. They have trained transplantation doctors for these agencies, and, in return, they and the local hospitals that they work for will receive abundant organs. Shen Zhongyang is the chief transplantation expert of the Central Health Care Committee[65]. He assisted in establishing an organ transplantation institution for the armed police forces in Beijing and Jinan, as well as the liver transplantation center at Qianfoshan Hospital. In 2003, he founded the liver transplantation center for General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces in Beijing, and served as the director of the center. The center conducts the most liver transplantation surgeries each year in the Beijing area.[66]After Shen Zhongyang joined the Armed Police System, his base, the Oriental Organ Transplant Center has been supplied with an abundance of organs. In only a few years, the center became first in the world in liver transplants.

Zang Yunjin studied liver transplant surgery at Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) as a visiting scholar between September 1999 and December 2000. His adviser was professor John J. Fung, the president of the International Liver Transplantation Society at that time. Zang returned to China in December 2000. He founded the liver transplant sector of Qianfoshan Hospital in Shandong Province. He also helped establish the Shandong Liver Transplantation Center, a branch of the Oriental Organ Transplant Institute. In January 2005, Zang joined the Liver Transplant Institute at General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces. In April 2005, he was appointed as the deputy director, chief physician and professor of the center.[67]

Shen Zongyang[68]and Zang Yunjin[69]had both been issued PLA Grade-3 expertise certificates. According to the PLA rules, Grade-3 expertise certificate holders have the same-level benefits as generals. Only the Central Military Commission (CMC) has the authority to evaluate Grade-3 expertise certificate candidates, and it is the chairman of the CMC himself that awards Grade-3 expertise certificates.[70] There are a surprising number of Grade-3 experts in the PLA No. 309 Hospital. Not only over a dozen party committee members of the hospital are of Grade-3,[71] many associate chief physicians are also of Grade-3. This suggests that the Party’s Central Military Commission regards organ transplantation as a critical industry, and further corroborates what Liang Guanglie said—the CMC had held meetings to discuss the issues of live organ harvesting on Falun Gong practitioners.

Shi Bingyi, the director of the institute of Organ Transplantation of 309th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, also established a rejection and non-invasive diagnosis of early warning systems, which has become an important diagnostic method of acute rejection, and established the low-dose immunosuppressive programs and joint medicine programs to combat exclusion reaction[72].

In Feb. 2012, in a Xinhua interview he said that the most important issue of organ transplant is to solve the problem of the security of organ function and long-term survival. "There are two ways, one is stem cell transplant, another is to improve the regulate immune cell network such as T-cells, which have a good effect for long-term survival of transplanted organs and immune tolerance. we have one of the world's leading technology research in organ transplantation."

Transplant surgery requires organ preservation solution and patient must be responsive to anti-rejection agents. We found that many Chinese domestic transplant-related organizations engaged in related R&D such that most Chinese transplant hospitals are using products produced domestically, replacing imported agents.

A member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and director of Institute of Nephrology research of Nanjing Military General Hospital, Li Leishi, found a unique immunosuppression agent that was used in the treatment of acute rejection of kidney transplant.[73] Further anti-rejection drugs for kidney transplant, by Li Yantang and his student Qian Yeyong, (the director of division of Urology of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army), were supported by National Natural Science Funds.[74] Among hundreds of organ transplant-related patents in China, about half are related to anti-rejection drugs and organ preservation solution. The following transplant immunosuppressant patent came from the Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, which belong to the Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese PLA.

Figure 2.1 A patent for an immunosuppressant for organ transplants by the Academy of Military Medical Sciences.

Shanghai Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University is one of the first hospitals to perform kidney transplant surgery. Under the support of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, Zhu Youhua, a member of Institute of Army Organ Transplant, and his team, completed advanced research on kidney and multi-organ preservation solution that attained an internationally recognized advanced level.[75] As the Changzheng Hospital Archive page states: "98% of Chinese hospitals are using our developed organ preservation solution.[76]" In this hospital, they claim a particular expertise in emergency liver transplants, with the minimum waiting time stated as only four hours from patient admission to surgery.

Zhu Youhua has personally completed 3,680 cases of kidney transplantation by Oct. 2010.[77]

Figure 2.2 Archived web page of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University

We believe that the R&D and production of organ transplants and associated pharmaceuticals are not initiated by individual transplant centers, but are actually part of political tasks ordered by the Party.

Table 2.5 A partial list of military hospitals providing consultants and surgeons for local medical transplant activity

Local Hospital	Detailed Information
Xi’an High-Tech Hospital	The hospital was opened in 2003. It hired Shi Bingyi, director of the PLA No. 309 Hospital Organ Transplant Center as chief expert. Within two years, it performed more than 500 cases of kidney transplants and more than 10 cases of liver transplants[78].
Taiping People’s Hospital in Dongguan	This is a township hospital located in Dongguan. In 1996, the hospital’s surgeons started performing kidney transplants. As of 2007, they had carried out more than 3,000 cases of kidney transplants during the 11-year period, to be ranked second in the transplant numbers in China.[79]They also helped an armed force hospital in Shenzhen conduct organ transplants.[80] Li Jie is the chief surgeon at the Department of Transplants at Taiping People’s Hospital in Dongguan, Guangdong Province (now the Fifth People’s Hospital in Dongguan). He participated in more than 4,000 kidney transplant operations and personally performed 500 such operations. He has also participated in more than 50 liver transplant operations and personally performed over 12 of them.[81]
First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University	Tan Jianming is the deputy director of the Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region and director of the hospital’s Department of Urology Surgery. He is a key administrator overseeing the establishment of the national-level clinical transplant department, and the director of the PLA’s OrganTransplantResearchCenter. He has performed more than 4,200 cases of kidney transplant.[82]
First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University	Wu Mengchao, who is the dean at the Oriental Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, is the honorary director of the center.[83]
Maoming Municipal People’s Hospital	The Department of Urology of Maoming Municipal People's Hospital, in cooperation with Zhujiang Hospital of First Military Medical University, performed the first successful kidney transplant in Maoming area, and treated numerous patients who suffered from kidney failure caused by kidney diseases.[84]
Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University	In February 2014, Zang Yunjin, former deputy director of the Institute of Liver Transplantation at the Armed Police General Hospital, was officially appointed director of Organ Transplant Center and liver transplantation division at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.[85]
Beijing You’an Hospital	In June 2014, Director Zang Yunjin of Armed Police General Hospital joined the medical team of You’an Hospital. You’an hospital claimed that Zang’s leadership will help the hospital build a first class liver transplant center in Beijing.[86]
Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University	Sha Guozhu, from 1996 to 2010, was an attending doctor and deputy chief physician of the Kidney Disease Institute at the Nanjing General Hospital of the PLA. In 2010, Sha began operating at Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University and has performed more than 500 cases of kidney transplant as chief operating physician. Shu has cared for several thousand patients from Zhongda hospital and other hospitals following their kidney transplant operations.[87]
Xiangya Hospital of Central South University	Xiangya Hospital has very close ties with the Kidney Transplant Center at Nanjing General Hospital. Li Leishi and Liu Zhihong, academicians of Chinese kidney diseases, were appointed as chief scientists of Nephrology and Blood Purification Institute of Central South University[88].

3. The CCP promoted industrialization of organ transplants

As the witnesses who first exposed the presence of forced organ harvesting of Falun Gong said: in the view of the Party, Falun Gong practitioners were no longer to be treated as human beings, but rather as raw materials, or a commodity. Their bodies were to be used for organ transplants or medical experiments. This new medical ethos laid the foundation for the explosion of transplant activity in China.

1) Providing huge funds for transplant technology development and clinical practices.

Chinese authorities spent huge sums to build a large number of transplant technology research centers and biomedical engineering laboratories in some local and military medical colleges. This research led the rapid development of Chinese organ transplant industry; at the same time, there were a number of large-scale organ transplants hospitals conducted the corresponding clinical practice, and giving birth to the related new technologies in the industrial sector.

The Third Xiangya Hospital in Changsha was a key hospital constructed in 'The Eighth Five Years', and its fixed assets was 0.55 billion yuan. In 2001, its Institute of Medicine Transplantation spent 80million yuan to build a transplant dedicated building with150 beds.[89] On June 3, 2005, the Xinhua News Agency reported that a National Engineering Research Center for transplantation had been situated in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Huang Zufa, the Research Center Director said the hospital was at the forefront of the country in biomaterials, tissue engineering, tissues and organ transplantation, and the next goal was to build a national transplant engineering center with scientific research, clinical, development, production in a single facility.[90]

In 2004, "Liberation Daily" reported that the Shanghai Science and Technology committee set up a variety of organ transplantation" major research topics" in 2002 with an investment of 8 million yuan, to promote clinical research of the heart, liver, lungs and other major organs transplants in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Ruijin Hospital of The 2nd Medical College, No. 1 hospital, Great Eastern Hepatobiliary Hospital of No. 2 Military Medical School, and Municipal Pulmonary Hospital. In 2003, the total number of organ transplants in Shanghai was more than10 times of that in 2001, and had become the number one facility both "nationally and internationally" in many areas. Its "liver and abdominal organs transplantation" and" living donor liver- kidney transplantation" obtained the 2003 Shanghai clinical medical achievement award.[91]

Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University located in Chongqing was established as a key laboratory of the PLA for liver transplant and the liver transplant center of PLA, with world-class advanced equipment, multiple functional laboratories, and is one of the largest hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery at home and abroad. The hospital also helped and guided 21medical institutions in Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Henan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Guizhou, Fujian and other provinces in liver transplant. The website claims that it had 50 postdoctoral and doctoral students, 75 master students, and a total of 762 hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery scholars, who had become hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery technology academic leaders in many locations including in the PLA.[92]

Qianfoshan Hospital in Jinan had eight hundred hospital beds prepared, and kidney, liver, testes, lung and cornea transplantations were very common in the hospital. The hospital is now the School of Clinical Medicine in Shandong University with 44 Ph.D. and Master student advisors and more than 90 adjunct professors in Shandong University with clinical teaching tasks in Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Taishan Medical College, Binzhou Medical College, Provincial Medical School and other medical institutions.[93] The hospital’s fully organized "flow" process includes the practice of organ harvesting from living Falun Gong practitioners, and has colluded with provincial prisons and provincial Women's Prisons, labor camps, forming a complete supply chain from living organ banks to living organ harvesting to surgical transplant to organ transplantation market intermediaries to the division of financial benefits.[94]

Tsinghua University, Peking University, People's Congress, Fudan University, Tongji University, Central South University, Jilin University, Huazhong Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Hospital of famous universities, Guangzhou Zhongshan University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Lanzhou University, etc., and nearly all affiliated hospitals of medical universities are vigorously carrying out transplantation, as well as conducting related clinical experiments and teaching.[95]

2) The Chinese health care system is actively promoting organ transplants

In March 2006, Vice Minister of Health Huang Jiefu said, "For a hospital to pass AAA hospital assessment, one of the fixed targets is that it must complete over five cases of organ transplants. So organ transplantation has become competitive resources for the standard and the branding of hospitals. Currently nationwide kidney, liver, heart and other organ transplant hospitals are not too few, but too many."[96]

In China, organ transplants access system is based on both administrative allocation and medical standards – so-called "walking on both legs". On the one hand, the administrative department of medical management assigned organ transplant quotas for different regions; for example, it required several hospitals in the western part of Guangdong Province to conduct an organ transplant, as well as several in eastern part of Guangdong Province. Some hospitals which were not equipped or below standard, launched the organ transplants immediately because of the assigned "quota"; driven by huge profits, many more hospitals with little hope of reaching hospital standards, also started organ transplants without application for approval.[97]

Mao Xiaoling, Minister of Qualification Assessment in Guangdong Medical Association said that "Among 50 hospitals applying for organ transplants in the province, 18 were did not make the cut, but some of these hospitals are still conducting organ transplants. As far as I know, there are now at least a dozen hospitals in Guangdong doing organ transplants without applying for approval, yet because of a lack of administrative supervision and punishment, we could only watch them continue to operate." Currently no data shows the number of hospitals doing organ transplants in Guangdong and how many transplants the hospitals have completed.[98]

3)Profiteering through organ transplants

The General Logistics Department will allocate donors to military hospitals and some local hospitals through multiple channels. Its operation model is to be paid directly in cash (foreign currency) when providing donors to the hospital, with the hospital self-financing the pay-out to the General Logistics Department. Organs sold to local customers are just for extra profit, with the wider aim to utilize local hospitals as advertising for overseas[99].

Since the profits of transplants would not be accounted for in the military budget, and the layers of the organ harvesting system were maintained by the military, organ harvesting from living Falun Gong practitioners and organ trafficking have become a way of making money with zero costs, and military officials are benefitting directly from the General Logistics Department budget. For example, medical gross income of organ transplant center of 309 Hospital, the "PLA Organ Transplant Center", named by General Logistics Department Ministry of Health, increased from 30 million yuan in 2006 to 230 million yuan in 2010, a 5-year growth of nearly 800%.[100] In another example, Daping Hospital of No.3 Military Medical University started performing organ transplants in the late 1990s, and the annual income of the hospital increased from 36 million to over 900 million yuan.[101]

Other major medical institutions in all regions had been rapidly expanding the scale of organ transplantation. Many unqualified hospitals have also established organ transplant centers without approval of CCP Ministry of Health. Moreover, even the Chinese Medicine Hospital, Children's Hospital, MCH, forensic hospitals and county hospitals have also been competing in organ transplant operations, and share portions of the profit of harvesting organs from living Falun Gong practitioners.

‹ Chapter 1 SUMMARY Chapter 3 ›

References:

[1]“WOIPFG obtained new evidence: Jiang Zemin ordered the harvesting of organs from Falun Gong practitioners for transplantation” Published online September. 30, 2014
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/260

[2]“Exclusive recording: Bo Xilai exposes Jiang Zemin’s order of harvesting organs from live Falun Gong practitioners” The Epoch Times, Published online August 29, 2013
http://tw.epochtimes.com/gb/13/8/28/n3950806.html

[3]“WOIPFG’s collection of evidence of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners regarding to former central committee member Zeng Qinghong, former secretary of defense Liang Guanglie, and former Central Military Commission vice chairman Guo Boxiong” Published online October 21, 2014
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/45053

[4]"WOIPFG" Zhang Gaoli Didn’t Deny That Organ Harvesting From Living Falun Gong Practitioners Reached Millions
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/48177

[5] "WOIPFG" WOIPFG’sInvestigation Into Zhang Dejiang On The CCP’s Organ Harvesting From Living Falun Gong Practitioners
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/48017

[6]“Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party” Published online September 11, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[7]“WOIPFG’s collection of evidence of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners regarding to former central committee member Zeng Qinghong, former secretary of defense Liang Guanglie, and former Central Military Commission vice chairman Guo Boxiong” Published online October 21, 2014
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/45053

[8]“WOIPFG’s collection of evidence of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners regarding to former central committee member Zeng Qinghong, former secretary of defense Liang Guanglie, and former Central Military Commission vice chairman Guo Boxiong” Published online October 21, 2014
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/45053

[9]“WOIPFG’s collection of evidence of organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners regarding to former central committee member Zeng Qinghong, former secretary of defense Liang Guanglie, and former Central Military Commission vice chairman Guo Boxiong” Published online October 21, 2014
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/45053

[10]“WOIPFG releases phone records regarding involvement of Zhou Yongkang and key Chinese Communist Party officials in organ harvesting” Published online May 1, 2012
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/216

[11]"WOIPFG" Zhou Benshun Recognized The CCP's Crimes of Organ Harvesting From Living Falun Gong Practitioners, July 27, 2015
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/48694

[12]“WOIPFG releases phone records regarding involvement of Zhou Yongkang and key Chinese Communist Party officials in organ harvesting” Published online May 1, 2012
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/216

[13]“WOIPFG releases phone records regarding involvement of Zhou Yongkang and key Chinese Communist Party officials in organ harvesting” Published online May 1, 2012
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/216

[14]“WOIPFG releases phone records regarding involvement of Zhou Yongkang and key Chinese Communist Party officials in organ harvesting” Published online May 1, 2012
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/216

[15]“WOIPFG releases phone records regarding involvement of Zhou Yongkang and key Chinese Communist Party officials in organ harvesting” Published online May 1, 2012
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/216

[16]“Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party” Published online September 11, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[17]“Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party” Published online September 11, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[18]“Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party” Published online September 11, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[19]“Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party” Published online September 11, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[20]“Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party” Published online September 11, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[21]“Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party” Published online September 11, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[22]“Collection of evidence of live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party” Published online September 11, 2013
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[23]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong”: Collection of Evidences of Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[24]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong”: Collection of Evidences of Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[25]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong”: Collection of Evidences of Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[26]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong”: Collection of Evidences of Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[27]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong”: Collection of Evidences of Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[28]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong”: Collection of Evidences of Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[29]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong”: Collection of Evidences of Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[30]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong”: Collection of Evidences of Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[31]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong” Investigation Report about Alleged Participation of Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners by the CCP’s Military and Armed Police Hospital System. First draft April 21, 2008. Finished Version May 29, 2012
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/218

[32]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong” Latest Investigations: The Massacre and Live Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners by the CCP is Still Continuing. November 18, 2014
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/299

[33]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong” Latest Investigations: The Massacre and Live Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners by the CCP is Still Continuing. November 18, 2014
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/299

[34]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong” Latest Investigations: The Massacre and Live Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners by the CCP is Still Continuing. November 18, 2014
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/299

[35]“Minghui, www.minghui.org” Audio recording: Military Hospital Admitted Bluntly Using Kidneys from Falun Gong Practitioners
http://www.clearwisdom.net/emh/articles/2006/5/3/72773.html

[36]“Minghui, www.minghui.org” Audio recording: Military Hospital Admitted Bluntly Using Kidneys from Falun Gong Practitioners
http://www.clearwisdom.net/emh/articles/2006/5/3/72773.html

[37]“Epoch Times” New Evidence of Live Organ Harvesting: Doctor in Guangdong Admitted Donor Source is Falun Gong Practitioners
http://www.epochtimes.com/gb/15/5/5/n4427065.html

[38]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong” Investigation Report on Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners in Various Regions of China. Original version: April 16, 2006, Updated: April 22 and May 1
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/166

[39]“World Organization to Investigate Persecution of Falun Gong” Investigation Report on Organ Harvesting from Live Falun Gong Practitioners in Various Regions of China Original version: April 16, 2006, Updated: April 22 and May 1
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/166

[40]Shi Bingyi did more than 1580 cases of kidney transplantation and more than 360 cases of liver transplantation.
https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B4%E6%9D%A5%E5%85%B1%E5%AE%8C%E6%88%90%E8%82%BE%E8%84%8F%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D1580%E4%BD%99%E4%BE%8B%E3%80%81%E8%82%9D%E8%84%8F%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D%20360%E4%BD%99%E4%BE%8B

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/127.png

[41]Brief Introduction of Shi Bingyi.
http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2009-03/17/content_11024732.htm

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/128.png

[42]Introduction of Xi’an High-tech Hospital Organ Transplantation Center. Xi’an High-tech Hospital.

https://web.archive.org/web/20060529061548/http://www.gxyy.net/yizhiweb/...

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/129.png

[43]Dongguan People's Hospital is eligible for organ transplants pilot qualifications. (Jul. 21, 2011).
http://dk.sun0769.com/jinrikandian/xinwenredian/27038.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/130.png

[44]Recording: Military hospital admitted using Falun Gong practitioners’ kidney. (May 2, 2006).
http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2006/5/2/126638p.html

[45]Featured Technology-Corneal transplantation. The General Hospital of Shenyang Military.
http://www.syjqzyy.com/UI/ksjs/kstsjsShow.aspx?id=433

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/132.png

[46]Ophthalmology academic leader Gao Minghong. The General Hospital of Shenyang Military.
http://www.syjqzyy.com/UI/ksjs/ksxsdtr.aspx?id=135&ks=85

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/133.pdf

[47]Featured Technology-Corneal transplantation. The General Hospital of Shenyang Military.
http://www.syjqzyy.com/UI/ksjs/kstsjsShow.aspx?id=433

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/134.pdf

[48]Brief Introduction of Beijing Military General Hospital Liver Transplantation Center. (Feb. 25, 2009). Beijing Military General Hospital hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery center.
http://jzgdk.cnkme.com/papers/show/21865

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/135.png

[49]Zero inventory of domestic cornea, Medical students take initial to join the donation team. (Jun. 5, 2014).
http://health.sohu.com/20140605/n400455477.shtml

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/136.pdf

[50]Introduction of Third Chinese Physician Award Winner Jiang Hua. Chinese Medical Doctor Association.
http://2009.cmda.gov.cn/News/huodongzhuanti/zhongguoyishijiangpingxuan/d...

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/137.pdf

[51]Guangdong Transplantation Surgeon: “Cannot talk openly about” donor source.
http://soundofhope.org/node/121515/print

[52]Heavy: Land Force Doctors confirmed live harvesting is still in progress, "the source" is controlled by the military. (updated Mar. 20, 2015) New Tang Dynasty Television.http://www.ntdtv.com/xtr/gb/2015/03/21/a1184409.html

[53]Heavy: Land Force Doctors confirmed live harvesting is still in progress, "the source" is controlled by the military. (updated Mar. 20, 2015) New Tang Dynasty Television.http://www.ntdtv.com/xtr/gb/2015/03/21/a1184409.html

[54]Introduction of Yiyang City People's Hospital Kidney Transplantation Division. Good doctors.http://www.haodf.com/faculty/DE4r08xQdKSLBg0GU2Y2Krrpb6FW/jieshao.htm

WOIPFG’s archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/141.pdf

[55]Professor Jing Lianxi, director of Ophthalmology Department, Guangzhou Airforce Hospital , visited our university. (May 21, 2011). Shanghai Bright Eye Hospital.
http://www.pr021.com/news/1571.html

WOIPFG’s archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/142.pdf

[56]Special edition WOIPFG Evidence of the CCP live organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners. WOIPFG.
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241

[57] Wu MengChao received Supreme Science and Technology Award. National Office for Science & Technology Awards. Retrieved from http://www.nosta.gov.cn/web/detail.aspx?menuID=135&contentID=772

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/145.png

[58] SUN Dafa sent to Wu Mengchao Awards. the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China website. Retrieved from
http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-01/18/content_162131.htm

WOIPFG’s archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/146.png

[59] Wu Mengchao deeds Reporting Held in Beijing. "Renmin Ribao", (2011 May 11). Retrieved from
http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2011-05/11/nw.D110000renmrb_20110511_2-01.htm

WOIPFG’s archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/147.png

[60] Jiang Zemin met Wu Mengchao four times. (2012, Oct 27) . CPC News Website. Retrieved from
http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n/2012/0827/c85037-18843681-5.html

WOIPFG’s archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/144.png

[61]Guo, N. (2006) The difficulty of organ transplants legislation. Life Week. Vol. 2006/13.
http://www.lifeweek.com.cn/2006/0417/14976.shtml

WOIPFG’s archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/149.png

[62]《minghui.org》Forced Live Organ Harvesting Program in China is State-Orchestrated and Militarized January 15, 2015 | By Minghui correspondents Mu Wenqing and He Yu
http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2015/1/15/147973.html

[63]《minghui.org》Forced Live Organ Harvesting Program in China is State-Orchestrated and Militarized January 15, 2015 | By Minghui correspondents Mu Wenqing and He Yu
http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2015/1/15/147973.html

[64]《minghui.org》"CCP's Military No.1 in Performing Organ Transplants (Photos)" April 05, 2012 | By Zhen Jun
http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2012/4/5/132566.html

[65]Shen Zhongyang. Baike.baidu.com
http://baike.baidu.com/view/1577731.htm

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/152.png

[66]Introduction of Shen Zhongyang. Armed Police General Hospital.
http://www.wj-hospital.com/expert/sxzj/4843.htm

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/153.png

[67]General Surgery Center of Beijing You An Hospital introduces Academic Leader Zang Yunjin. (Jun. 30, 2014). Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University.
http://www.bjyah.com/Html/News/Articles/23288.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/154.png

[68]Shen Zhongyang, Director of the Institute of Transplantation , the founder of Chinese modern clinical liver transplantation. (Feb. 14, 2011). China Organ Transplant Network. Source: the Institute of the liver transplant, Armed Police General Hospital.
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/ZWuJingZongYiYuanZhuanJiaTuanDui/2011-...

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/155.png

[69]Armed Forces Institute of organ transplantation founded in the Armed Police General Hospital. (May 9, 2012). Homephoto.com.cn. Source: Xinhua, mil.news.cn
http://365jia.cn/news/2012-05-09/D94FA609C5DBCE31.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/156.png

[70]Civilian Cadres. Baike.baidu.com
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=0sxRxzAhOdU3t8jknbUcjJwLhRU-3V18Pk9BM4d3...

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/157.png

[71]Li, Y., Gong, Y., &An, H. (Nov. 1, 2013). Exclusive Interview with Shi Bingyi, the General Staff & General Hospital, director of the Institute of Organ Transplantation: the growth history of a "barefoot doctor". China Organ Transplant Network. Source: Xinhua News.
http://www.transplantation.org.cn/zyienizhonghe/2013-11/6786.htm

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/158.png

[72] Xinhua Web. Exclusive interview with Shi Bingyi, director of Organ Transplant Center of 309th Hospital: organ transplant should continuing innovation. 2012, Feb 6
http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2012-02/06/c_122659053.htm

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/159.png

[73] Li Leish deeds, vice president of Nanjing General Hospital. Chinese Medical Association Network. Retrieved fromhttp://2009.cmda.net/News/huodongzhuanti/zhongguoyishijiangpingxuan/diliujieyishijiangzhibo/huojiangyishi/2009-11-10/529.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/160.png

[74] Li Yantang. Expert list PLA General Hospital. Retrieved fromhttp://www.301hospital.com.cn/web/showexpertintro/71/230.html?height=400&width=620

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/161.png

[75] Introduction of Department of Kidney Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital. Retrieved from

http://zyouh.u.yynet.cn/intro.php

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/163.png

[76] Introduction of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital. Retrieved fromhttps://web.archive.org/web/20101112022856/http://www.shczyy.com/chpage/...

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/164.png

[77] Ren Quan & Dong Yueqing, "ZHU Youhua in Changzheng Hospital: kidney fighters with practice art". The Standard[N] . 2010, Sep 11. Retrieved from http://www.shenyounet.com/?action-viewnews-itemid-3838

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/165.png

[78]Introduction of Xi’an High-tech Hospital Organ Transplantation Center. Xi’an High-tech Hospital.
https://web.archive.org/web/20060529061548/http://www.gxyy.net/yizhiweb/...

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/168.png

[79]Dongguan People's Hospital is eligible for organ transplants pilot qualifications. (Jul. 21, 2011).
http://dk.sun0769.com/jinrikandian/xinwenredian/27038.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/169.png

[80]Investigation Clue: Guangzhou Communist system harvest live from Falun Gong practitioners' organs. (Jan. 8, 2011) minghui.org
http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2011/1/8/%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E7%BA%BF%E7%B4%A2-%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E6%B4%BB%E6%91%98%E6%B3%95%E8%BD%AE%E5%8A%9F%E5%AD%A6%E5%91%98%E5%99%A8%E5%AE%98-234649.html

[81]Introduction of Li Jie. Dongguan Taiping People's Hospital (now City Fifth People's Hospital).
https://web.archive.org/web/20100614205804/http://www.dgtpyy.com/keshidetail.asp?id=2004109

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/171.png

[82]Tan Jianmin’s Deeds. People’s Daily.
http://health.people.com.cn/n/2014/0604/c385611-25104541.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/172.png

[83]Introduction of Hepatobiliary surgery department. The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University.
http://www.fyyy.com/ks_jj/xxjj.asp?string=%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%2024

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/173.png

[84]Introduction of Maoming People’s Hospital. Medical Network.
http://jiuyi.ewsos.com/yiyuan/jianjie-MaoMingShiRenMinYiYuan427852

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/174.pdf

[85]Climbing never stop to create the domestic first-class organ transplant center. The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.
http://qdumh.qd.sd.cn/a/yiyuandongtai/yiyuanxinwen/2014/0805/3287.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/175.png

[86]General Surgery Center of Beijing You An Hospital introduces Academic Leader Zang Yunjin. (Jun. 30, 2014). Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University.
http://www.bjyah.com/Html/News/Articles/23288.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/176.png

[87]Sha Guozhu, vice director of Physicians. Zhongda Hospital Southeast University.
http://www.seu-urology.com/msg.php/54.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/177.png

[88]Purification of Nephrology and Blood Institute of Central South University founded at Xiangya Hospital. (July. 6, 2011).
http://www.xiangya.com.cn/web/Content.aspx?chn=284&id=15062

Purification of Nephrology and Blood Institute of Central South University founded at Xiangya Hospital. (Mar. 28, 2009)
http://cne.csu.edu.cn/Html/news/2009/328/12335D60I.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/178.png

[89]"No.3 Xiangya Hospital, Central South University," memorabilia
http://www.xy3yy.com/xy3yy20/20091126201431.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/179.png

[90] "Xinhua Network" China's first transplant medical research center established in No.3 Xiangya Hospital time: June 3, 2005 Author: Liu Lulu
http://www.hn.xinhua.org/misc/2005-06/03/content_4368918.htm

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/180.png

[91]"Minghui" Look at "unprecedented evil on this planet"(Part II) from clues of investigation
http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2006/9/24/2006-9-24.html#zip6

[92]"Minghui" Look at "unprecedented evil on this planet"(Part II) from clues of investigation
http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2006/9/24/2006-9-24.html#zip6

[93]"Baidu Encyclopedia" Qianfoshan Hospital

http://baike.baidu.com/view/47986.htm
WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/183.png

[94]"Epoch Times" exclusive: Senior medical staff in Jinan exposed organ harvesting A senior staff working up to 20 years in health system in Jinan, Shandong Province disclosed illegal organ trades of labor camps, prisons, hospitals, courts and public security department
http://www.epochtimes.com/gb/12/8/10/n3656240.htm%E7%8B%AC%E5%AE%B6-%E6%...

[95]"Minghui" Look at "unprecedented evil on this planet"(Part II) from clues of investigation
http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2006/9/24/2006-9-24.html#zip6

[96]"Life Weekly" organ transplant legislation is difficult 2006-04-17 Author: Guo Na 2006Issue 13
http://www.lifeweek.com.cn/2006/0417/14976.shtml

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/186.png

[97]"Beijing Public Health Information Network" Human Organ Transplant should be standardized urgently Time: 2006-11-02
http://www.phic.org.cn/hangyexinxi/quanguoweisheng/200710/t20071026_3174...

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/187.png

[98]"Dayang Network" Organ Transplant overabundance Expert :Access threshold raised in Guangdong Province 2005-08-29

http://life.dayoo.com/health/200508/29/60551_4152259.htm

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/188.png

[99]"Minghui" Jiang's militarized organ harvesting sinful industry (Image)

http://en.minghui.org/html/articles/2015/1/15/147973.html

[100]"People's Liberation Army 309 hospital" Organ Transplant Center Overview November 17, 2010
http://www.309yy.com/_Dept/View.aspx?id=3323

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/190.png

[101]"Find a Doctor Network" May 11, 2009 Daping Hospital's Changes in30 years- annual revenue increased from 1 million yuan to 900 million yuan
http：//news.xywy.com/news/news-zhanhui/jbd/hydt/20090511/477579.html

WOIPFG archived link:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/191.pdf

Chinese Link

第二章活摘法轮功学员器官是江泽民发起中共主导的国家犯罪