WOIPFG’s Investigative Report on the Alleged Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners at Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and Its Staff Members Suspected of Participation

Sep 15, 2023

Address: 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin City, Heilongjiang Province

Foreword

The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University began doing living donor kidney transplants in 1999, which coincided with the start of the persecution of Falun Gong, resulting in a large number of kidney transplants. The hospital's official website claims it’s a leader in China in terms of organ transplant types, techniques, and quality. Heart transplantation papers show that before 2005, the hospital had had a dedicated heart collection team. The donors were suspected to be living bodies, and the heart was removed after anesthesia. In view of the background of the CCP’s state crime of living donor organ harvesting, the hospital is obviously suspected of participating in the crime of harvesting organs from living Falun Gong practitioners and members of other groups.

Hospital overview

The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, founded in 1954, is a large comprehensive tertiary-A level hospital. The hospital covers an area of 500,000 square meters, with one outpatient department, 11 inpatient departments, and 4,534 employees.[1]

I. The Hospital can complete multiple types of organ transplantation

The hospital claims that it can complete heart transplants, lung transplants, liver transplants, spleen transplants, kidney transplants, testicular transplants, combined heart-lung transplants, combined pancreas-kidney transplants, combined thyroid-parathyroid-thymus transplants, corneal transplants, and bone marrow transplants.[2] It is the only hospital in Heilongjiang Province that has obtained national permission to carry out kidney transplantation. The Department of Urology has 65 patient beds.[3]

II. Telephone investigations show that living donor kidney transplantation began in 1999, and the number of kidney transplants is large

1. Living donor kidney transplantation began in 1999, which highly coincides with the time when the CCP began to persecute Falun Gong

Investigation target: Chen Zhaoyan, Chief Surgeon of the Department of Urology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, is good at kidney transplantation. In 1999, he presided over the completion of the first living donor kidney transplant in China, and in 2000, the first combined pancreas-kidney transplantation in Heilongjiang Province.

Investigation date: February 20, 2016: Living donor kidney transplantation started in 1999. In the past, many were cadaveric kidney transplants, but after 1999, many were living donor kidney transplants. (The investigator asked if organs were from Falun Gong practitioners? Chen hung up.)

(Recording 1. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 29)[4]

It’s known from Chen Zhaoyan’s statement:

1). The hospital began to perform living donor kidney transplantation in 1999, which was synchronized with the persecution of Falun Gong

"In the past, there were both cadaveric kidneys and living donors’ kidneys. In 1999, living donor kidney transplants began. Many cadaveric kidney transplants were done in the past, but after 1999, there were more living donor kidney transplants." The investigator asked if organs were from Falun Gong practitioners? The other party hung up after prevarications.

2). Organ source includes non-death donation and relative donation, and both can be explained

Dr. Chen Zhaoyan claimed that he alone had done hundreds of kidney transplants before. According to investigations by WOIPFG, this hospital is the only kidney transplant hospital in Heilongjiang, with 23 kidney transplant doctors.[5]

When talking about the source of organs, he was asked about the current state of organ donations, and he said: "Too few, ah, too few! Very few were done in a year." According to him, the hospital did not perform organ transplants this year, and "last year only close to a dozen were done, about ten or eight were done. Relatives donated kidneys."

2. WOIPFG Telephone Investigation Shows that the Hospital Has a Large Number of Kidney Transplants

Investigation target: Chen Zhaoyan, Chief Surgeon of the Department of Urology at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, he is good at kidney transplantation. In 1999, he led the completion of the first living donor kidney transplant in China. In 2000, he completed the first combined pancreas-kidney transplantation in Heilongjiang Province.

(2016-02-20): Dr. Chen Zhaoyan claimed that he alone had done hundreds of kidney transplants before.

(Recording 2. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 29)[6]

Investigation target: Kidney transplant doctor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (2017-09-11): Our hospital has done a lot of kidney transplants this year! The number of kidney transplants is increasing.

(Recording 3. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 73)[7]

III.The doctor’s thesis shows that the organ harvesting process of the hospital is suspected of harvesting organs through murder, and the evidence shows that the donor is not a death row prisoner

"Evidence of the Chinese Communist Party Harvesting Organs from Living Falun Gong Practitioners in Medical Professional Papers in Mainland China (Updated Edition)"[8] published by WOIPFG, analyzed more than 300 medical papers from more than 200 hospitals in 31 provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government in China. Evidence were collected from the organ harvesting process, the warm ischemia time of the organ (the period from the death of the "donor" to the cessation of blood circulation to the start of the cold perfusion of the organ), the age and health status of the "donor". These medical papers stated that the vast majority of organ "donors" are young and middle-aged, in excellent health before death, and the warm ischemia time of the organs is extremely short. These details all confirm that a large number of healthy living "donors" died during the process of organ harvesting, and the organ harvesting operations by medical workers involved in organ harvesting are suspected of killing people to harvest organs.

Among them, a study of the 2006 paper "Surgical Coordination of Donor Heart Collection for Heart Transplantation" by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University [9]showed that before 2005, the hospital set up a special heart collection team and the death time of the donor can be predicted, and the anesthetist "provided medicine" on the spot, and both organ harvesting and transplantation are done in hospitals. This is not a feature of the execution of death row inmates, so the organs are suspected of not coming from death row inmates.

1. There is no organ donation system, but the donors are all "brain-dead patients"

The paper mentioned that the hospital performed 15 orthotopic heart transplants from April 1992 to December 2005, claiming that the 15 hearts were all from "brain-dead patients" who were healthy men aged 22 to 34.

However, according to the official report of the CCP, before 2006, there was no organ donation system in China.[10]

2. The hospital has a dedicated donor heart collection team, which can predict the death time of the donor

The paper shows: "Our hospital has established a streamlined heart-collecting medical team, consisting of surgeons, anesthesiologists, perfusionists, operating room nurses, blood bank staff, liaison officers, etc. When task is assigned, the members of the donor team are called together for pre-operative discussion and work arrangements. Here, "the task is assigned", it means that the recipient has been found, and the donor will be "declared dead" on a certain day.

3. After the anesthesiologist administered the drug, the donor's heart goes from beating to stopping during the operation, so the operation room was suspected of being the place where murder takes place

"Preoperative preparation" mentioned that"in order to shorten the ischemia time of the donor heart, an itinerant nurse cooperated with the anesthetist to administer the drug rapidly." At the collection site, the anesthetist "administered the drug rapidly", which shows that the donor at that time was likely to be a living individual. The paper mentioned: "...block the inferior vena cava, wait for the heart to continue beating 10 to 20 times, and after the blood in the heart is drained... After the perfusion is completed, the heart stops beating and the aorta is cut off..."

2.5.1 Preoperative preparation In order to shorten the ischemic time of the donor heart, the nurse, having washed hands, will prepare the articles and medicines to be used in the operation. Before the operation, two itinerant nurses opened the vein channel in time, and after confirming that the vein was unobstructed,Before the operation, one itinerant nurse cooperated with the anesthesiologist to give the medicine quickly, while another itinerant nurse...

Figure 1 Screenshot of the 2006 paper "Surgical Coordination of Donor Heart Harvesting for Heart Transplantation"

4. Judging from the description of the composition and setting of the heart harvesting donor group, these hearts were harvested in the operating room of the hospital and transplanted in the transplant operating room in the hospital, not in line with the practice that harvesting organs from death row prisoners on the executing grounds. Therefore, it is highly suspected that the sources of these organs are not executed prisoners.

IV.The hospital used fresh livers from healthy young people to perform liver transplantation simulation experiments

As of 2002,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University conducted an applied anatomical study on 58 cases of formalin-fixed adult cadaveric livers and 8 cases of fresh livers for split liver transplantation.[11]

As of 2004, the hospital performed anatomical studies of the blood supply of the duodenum, lower common bile duct, and ampulla of Vater on 30 formaldehyde-fixed adult cadavers and 10 fresh cadavers.[12]

V. The data on the number of kidney transplants on the official website has not been updated for 10 years, and the page was later deleted

In May 2004, Guangming.com stated that "Currently, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University has completed nearly 400 cases of kidney transplantation".[13]

Currently, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University has completed nearly 400 cases of kidney transplantation…

Figure 2 A snapshot of the web page of Guangming.com on May 17, 2004

In December 2011, the official website of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University stated that "Since the first successful allogeneic transplantation in Northeast China in February 3, 1978, more than 400 cases have been carried out so far."

Figure 3 A snapshot of the website of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in December 2011

From 2013 to now, the official website of the hospital stated that "Since the first successful allogeneic transplantation in Northeast China in February 3, 1978, more than 400 cases of kidney transplantation have been carried out so far".[14]

In June 2015, the page was removed.

VI. List of Responsible Persons

HRBYDD2FYY001 Zhu Qingguo

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of Urology, Professor, Director of Urology, Master Tutor. Deputy-director level member of Organ Transplantation Coordinating Committee of Three Northeast Provinces

Personal Profile: Graduated from Harbin Medical University in 1986, and graduated with a doctorate in 2006. From 1998 to 1999, he studied at the Organ Transplant Center of the University of Pittsburgh in the United States. Performed more than 100 cases of allogeneic kidney transplantation, and is currently in charge of the kidney transplantation work in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.[15]

HRBYDD2FYY002 Gao Zhizhong

Job Title: Chief Surgeon, Professor of Urology

Personal Profile: Graduated from Shandong Medical University in 1955. Went to Canada for training. Performed more than 100 cases of allogeneic kidney transplantation, and the transplantation result is in the leading position in China. He is currently in charge of the kidney transplantation work in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.[16] Initiated organ transplant work in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and presided over the implementation of fetal adrenal gland transplantation and pediatric testicular transplantation.[17]

HRBYDD2FYY003 Chen Zhaoyan

Job Title: Chief Surgeon, Professor of Urology

Personal Profile: Graduated from Harbin Medical University in 1967. In cooperation with the senior director, Professor Gao Zhizhong, he performed the first allogeneic kidney transplantation in the province successfully in 1978. In 1999, he performed the first living donor kidney transplant in the province. In 1999, he presided over the completion of the first living donor kidney transplant in China, and 5 cases have been completed so far; in 2000, he completed the first combined pancreas-kidney transplant in the province. He is good at kidney transplantation.[18]

HRBYDD2FYY004 Li Yifei

Job Title: Deputy Chief Surgeon of Urology, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of Urology.

Personal Profile: Date of Birth: September 21, 1963. In 1987, he graduated from Harbin Medical University, majoring in Russian-language medicine (six-year program). After graduation, he stayed on in Harbin Medical University and worked in the Department of Surgery of its Second Affiliated Hospital. He has been engaged in urology since 1989. In 1992, he was admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University as a postgraduate student in Urology under the tutelage of Professor Gao Zhizhong, a well-known urology expert in the province. In 1995, he was promoted to attending surgeon and lecturer. In 1998, he was promoted to deputy chief surgeon and associate professor. In September 1999, he was appointed as deputy director of the Department of Urology. He is good at allogeneic kidney transplantation.[19]

HRBYDD2FYY005 Zhao Yakun

Job Title: Deputy Chief Surgeon of Urology

Personal Profile: Graduated from Harbin Medical University in 2006 with a master's degree and stayed to teach there. Especially good at kidney transplantation. Participated in more than 100 kidney transplant operations, and was responsible for the long-term follow-up of more than 200 kidney transplant patients. He is currently the liaison officer of China Kidney Transplantation Scientific Registration System (CSRKT) and China Organ Allocation and Sharing System in Heilongjiang Province.[20]

HRBYDD2FYY006 Qiu Yu

Job Title: Deputy Chief Surgeon of Urology

Personal Profile: Technical expertise: Kidney transplantation for end-stage renal disease.[21]

HRBYDD2FYY007 Wu Dequan

Job Title: Chief Surgeon, Professor

Personal Profile: He was admitted to the Medical Department of Harbin Medical University in 1977. He is the chief surgeon, professor of medicine, with double master's degrees and a doctoral supervisor, deputy director of the first department of general surgery, and deputy secretary of the Party Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. From 1995 to 1997, he went to study abroad at the Faculty of Medicine of Free University of Brussels, Belgium, engaged in the experimental research of islet transplantation and obtained another master's degree in medicine; from 1999 to 2000, he went to the Starzl Organ Transplantation Institute of the University of Pittsburgh in the United States to participate in a large number of experimental research and clinical work on liver transplants, pancrea and kidney transplants and small intestine transplantation in the United States, having mastered advanced theory and technology of organ transplantation. In terms of organ transplantation, he has participated in a large number of experimental studies of liver transplantation and pancreas transplantation and clinical liver transplantation, and presided over the completion of the first combined pancreas-kidney transplantation and vascularized fetal thyroid parathyroid thymus combined transplantation in Heilongjiang Province.[22]

HRBYDD2FYY008 Yang Weiliang

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of Colorectal Oncology Surgery, Professor. The academic leader of general surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, once served as the deputy director of the Department of Surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and the director of general surgery.

Personal Profile: The main research area is the study of the biology of gastrointestinal lunatics in organ transplantation. In 1994 and 1995, he presided over and participated in two cases of allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation.[23]

HRBYDD2FYY009 Handeun

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of General Surgery, Professor

Personal Profile: He graduated from the Medical Department of Harbin Medical University in 1967 and received a master's degree in medicine in 1983. He once served as the director of the Department of Surgery of the Second School of Clinical Medicine of Harbin Medical University, the director of general surgery, and the supervisor of doctoral students. He has been in charge of clinical liver transplantation in the hospital since 1997. He presides over and organizes related research centered on liver transplantation, and is good at liver transplantation.[24]

HRBYDD2FYY010 Sun Shibo

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Endoscopic Surgery, Professor, Director of the Seventh Ward of General Surgery.

Personal Profile: Graduated from Harbin Medical University in 1986. In 1996, he studied clinical parenteral nutrition support in the General Hospital of Nanjing Military Region. In 2002, he studied laparoscopic surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University. In 2002, he studied clinical liver transplantation in Tianjin. His areas of professional focus are hepatobiliary, pancreatic and splenic surgery, liver transplantation, laparoscopic surgery, and nutritional support in clinical surgery. In 2000, he studied in the Department of Organ Transplantation Surgery of HUDDINGE Hospital, KAROLINSKA Medical College, Sweden, and obtained the qualification certificate for clinical liver transplantation. In 2003, he studied in the Starzal Organ Transplantation Center of Pittsburgh university (University of Pittsburgh) in the United States. He presided over the completion of 5 cases of liver transplantation, reaching the stage of clinical application.[25]

HRBYDD2FYY011 Cui Yunfu

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of General Surgery, Professor

Personal Profile: He graduated from the Medical Department of Harbin Medical University in 1987, and received a master's degree in General Surgery in 1990. At the end of 2004, he became a postdoctoral fellow in clinical surgery of Harbin Medical University. In 2002, he received a Doctor of Medicine (MD) from Saarland University, Germany. He once assisted Professor Han Deen, a surgical expert, in clinical liver transplantation. Research direction: pancreas transplantation and islet transplantation.[26]

HRBYDD2FYY012 Jiang Mingshan

Job Title: Associate Chief Surgeon of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Endoscopic Surgery, Professor

Personal Profile: Academic experience: Obtained a bachelor's degree in medicine from Harbin Medical University in 1985; a master's degree in pathology from Harbin Medical University in 1988; a doctorate in surgery from Harbin Medical University in 2004. From 1988 to 1989 he was a resident surgeon, Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; from 1989 to 2001 he was resident surgeon, General Surgery, Harbin Railway Central Hospital (now the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University)—Deputy Chief Surgeon (Deputy Director of Department); from 2001 to the present, he is Deputy Chief Surgeon of Pancreatic Surgery of Hepatobiliary, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. Further studies: From 1996 to 1997 he studied at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital and Oriental Hepatobiliary Hospital. He is good at organ transplantation.[27]

HRBYDD2FYY013 Hu Zhanliang

Job Title: Associate Chief Surgeon of Gallbladder, endoscopic surgery, Associate Professor

Personal Profile: 1984.9～1989.7 Harbin Medical University, Bachelor of Clinical Medicine; 1994.9～1997.7 Harbin Medical University, Master of Surgery, 2004.9～2007.7, Harbin Medical University Graduate School of Surgery, Ph.D. The main research area: clinical liver transplantation.[28]

HRBYDD2FYY014 Wang Zhidong

Job Title: Associate Chief Surgeon of the First Ward, General Surgery

Personal Profile: Graduated from Harbin Medical University, majoring in clinical medicine in 1998; received a master’s degree from the Second School of Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University in 2001, and stayed to work in the hospital in the same year; started to study for a doctorate under the tutelage of Professor Han Deen, a famous expert in hepatobiliary surgery, in 2002 and got the degree in 2005 with honors. Participated in eight cases of liver transplantation and completed one project related to liver transplantation.[29]

HRBYDD2FYY015 Zeng Zhaolin

Job Title: Chief Surgeonof of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Endoscopic Surgery, Professor

Personal Profile: Graduated from Harbin Medical University in 1989. Doctorate, engaged in general surgery, focusing on hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. Once studied in the Oriental Hepatobiliary Hospital. Engaged in the work of liver transplantation.[30]

HRBYDD2FYY016 Zhang Xinyu

Job Title: Deputy Director of the Seventh Department of General Surgery, Chief Surgeon, Professor

Personal Profile: Graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine of Harbin Medical University in 1993 with a bachelor's degree; in 1995, he was admitted for a master's degree, and studied under the famous surgical expert Professor Han Deen; in 1998, he obtained a master's degree; in 2002 he became a doctoral student under Professor Jiang Hongchi; he got his doctorate in 2005. Graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University in 1993 and became a resident surgeon; in 1999, he turned into an attending surgeon; in 2004, he became an associate chief surgeon. Participated in six cases of clinical allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation and one case of pancreas-kidney combined transplantation as a member of the transplantation team.[31]

HRBYDD2FYY017 Su Huawei

Job Title: Associate Chief Surgeon of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic, Endoscopic Surgery, Associate Professor

Personal Profile: Graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine of Harbin Medical University in 1994, received a master's degree in surgery in 2000, a doctorate in hepatobiliary surgery in 2006, and entered the postdoctoral mobile station of Harbin Medical University in 2007. From 2004 to 2005, he was sent by the government to visit and study in the Organ Transplantation Center of Groningen University Hospital in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. He was engaged in clinical work and scientific research in hepatobiliary surgery and won the Huygens Outstanding Scholar Award. He has been engaged in clinical work in general surgery for more than ten years, and his professional expertise is liver transplantation.[32]

HRBYDD2FYY018 Tai Sheng

Job Title: Associate Chief Surgeon of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic, Endoscopic Surgery, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the First Ward of General Surgery

Personal Profile: Graduated from Inner Mongolia Medical College in 1995. In 1997, he was admitted as a postgraduate student of Professor Song Chunfang of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University with honors. In 1999, he was qualified for a doctoral degree and started studying under Professor Shan Shiguang at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University with gene therapy of liver transplantation as his focus of research. He graduated with a doctorate in 2002. His thesis won the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Award of Harbin Medical University, and he entered the postdoctoral research station of Harbin Medical University School of Basic Medicine. Dr. Tai Sheng was promoted to Associate Professor of Hepatobiliary Surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University in 2004. In 2006, he was sent by the government to study in the Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Middle School of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center for one year. He participated in five cases of clinical orthotopic liver transplantation and one case of combined pancreas-kidney transplantation.[33]

HRBYDD2FYY019 Sun Tiewei

Job Title: Deputy Director of the Seventh Ward of General Surgery, Associate Chief Surgeon, Associate Professor

Personal Profile: Graduated from university in 1991 and has been working in the general surgery clinic. Won 2003 Heilongjiang Science and Technology Second Prize for Experimental Research and Clinical Application of Allogeneic Orthotopic Whole Liver Transplantation.[34]

HRBYDD2FYY020 Zhang Xinchen

Job Title: Associate Chief Surgeon, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the Sixth Ward of General Surgery

Personal Profile: Graduated from Harbin Medical University in 1997, majoring in clinical medicine; received a master's degree in 2000, and a doctor's degree in medicine in 2004. Promoted to associate professor in 2005. In 2007, he completed his postdoctoral defense. He was sent by the government to study at the Department of Medical Education, Washington University School of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center and Trauma Center, and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in the United States.[35] As of 2002, he had participated in the applied anatomical study of 58 cases of formalin-fixed adult cadaveric livers and 8 cases of fresh livers for split liver transplantation. [36]

HRBYDD2FYY021 Wu Naishi

Job Title: Director of the Third Ward of Cardiac Surgery, Chief Surgeon, Professor

Personal Profile: Since 1991, he has been engaged in the clinical work of cardiac surgery, under the tutelage of Professor Xia Qiuming and Professor Chen Zidao, famous experts in cardiac surgery in China. He participated in 10 heart transplant operations. He is good at heart transplantation and combined heart-lung transplantation.[37]

HRBYDD2FYY022 Xie Baodong

Job Title: Associate Chief Surgeon, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of the First Department of Cardiac Surgery

Personal Profile: In 2009, he went to the Miami Heart Center of the United States for training, under the tutelage of internationally renowned cardiovascular surgeon Saleno, and focused on thoracic organ transplantation. As the main member of the operation team, he participated in more than ten cases of heart, heart lung and lung transplantation in this hospital.[38]

HRBYDD2FYY023 Lu Hang

Job Title: Deputy Director of the Second Ward of Cardiac Surgery, Associate Chief Surgeon, Associate Professor

Personal Profile: Graduated from the seven-year program of clinical medicine in Harbin Medical University in 1997, and received a doctorate degree in cardiac surgery in 2000. In 2005, he completed his work in the postdoctoral mobile station of the School of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University. He participated in six cases of heart transplantation as a member of the heart-harvesting group.[39]

HRBYDD2FYY024 Chen Zidao

Job Title: Chief Surgeon and Professor of Cardiovascular Surgery

Personal Profile: Famous cardiothoracic surgery expert, one of the founders of cardiovascular surgery in Heilongjiang Province, has been engaged in cardiac surgery for more than 40 years. Good at heart transplantation.[40]

HRBYDD2FYY025 Han Zhen

Job Title: Deputy Director of the First Department of Cardiac Surgery, Associate Chief Surgeon, Associate Professor

Personal Profile: In 1988, he became one of the first batch of undergraduate and postgraduate students in Harbin Medical University. He graduated in 1995 and started working in the school. In 1998, he was admitted to the doctoral program studying with Professor Xia Qiuming, a nationally famous cardiac surgery expert. In 2001, he was awarded a doctorate in medicine. In 2002 he was promoted to associate chief surgeon and associate professor. From 2001 to 2002, he was sent by the government to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in the United States, under the tutelage of Dr. Groface, a world-renowned cardiac surgeon, and focused on heart transplantation. He pecializes in thoracic organ transplantation. As the main member of the operation team, he participated in dozens of cases of thoracic organ transplantation.[41]

HRBYDD2FYY026 Xia Qiuming

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of Cardiovascular Surgery, Professor

Personal Profile: Graduated from Shanghai St. John's University School of Medicine in 1952 with a doctorate in medicine. Engaged in cardiothoracic and vascular surgery, teaching and research for more than 50 years, created and developed the cause of cardiothoracic and vascular surgery in Heilongjiang Province. Good at: heart transplantation, myocardial protection and treatment of rejection after transplantation. He is good at heart transplantation, heart-lung transplantation, heart transplantation procedure, myocardial protection and treatment of rejection after transplantation. He successfully performed the first heart transplant in 1992.[42]

HRBYDD2FYY027 Tian Weichen

Job Title: Chief Surgeon, Professor, currently the Vice President of the Cardiovascular Hospital of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, the Deputy Director of Cardiovascular Surgery, and the Director of the Second Ward of Cardiovascular Surgery.

Personal Profile: He has been engaged in cardiovascular surgery for nearly 30 years, and has profound achevments in heart transplantation and heart-lung transplantation. He is involved in research in heart transplantation and heart-lung transplantation. He participated in the completion of heart transplantation and heart-lung transplantation, as well as the completion of the first lung transplantation in the three northeastern provinces.[43]

HRBYDD2FYY028 Yao Zhifa

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of Cardiovascular Surgery, Professor

Personal Profile: He graduated from Harbin Medical University in 1964 and has been engaged in cardiothoracic surgery for more than 40 years. He was the deputy director and director of cardiothoracic surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. He has been engaged in cardiothoracic surgery for many years. He is engaged in the experimental and clinical research of heart transplantation, and is one of the main leaders of the heart transplantation and heart-lung transplantation research group.[44]

HRBYDD2FYY029 Jiang Shulin

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of Cardiovascular Surgery, Professor, Director of Cardiac Surgery, Secretary of the Party Branch of Cardiovascular Hospital, Vice President.

Personal Profile: In 1987, he received a master's degree in surgery from Harbin Medical University. In 2001, he was promoted to professor, and in 2004, he was qualified as a doctoral tutor. In 1982, he graduated with honors from the Medical Department of Harbin Medical University and stayed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University to work in surgery. He successively went to the medical centers of heart in more than ten countries including the United States, Canada, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy for further study. He is good at the basic theoretical knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of organ transplantation.[45]

HRBYDD2FYY030 Li Junquan

Job Title: Associate Chief Surgeon of Cardiovascular Surgery, Associate Professor

Personal Profile: In 2000, he received a doctorate degree in cardiac surgery from Harbin Medical University, and in 2004 he received a postdoctoral degree in cardiac surgery. Since graduating and staying in school, he has been engaged in cardiovascular surgery. In 2003, he studied heart, heart-lung and lung transplantation at the Berlin Heart Center, Germany.[46]

HRBYDD2FYY031 Tian Hai

Job Title: Chief Surgeon, Professor, CCP Secretary of the Cardiovascular Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Deputy Director of Cardiac Surgery and Deputy Director of the First Ward. Deputy Director of Medical Quality Control Center for Cardiac and Great Vessel Transplantation in Heilongjiang Province

Personal Profile: He has been engaged in teaching and clinical work of cardiovascular surgery for fifteen years. He has been sent by the government many times to the famous heart centers in the United States and Canada as a senior visiting scholar within a period of two years.[47]

HRBYDD2FYY032 Zhang Linyou

Job Title: Chief Surgeon, Professor, Director of Thoracic Surgery

Personal Profile: Graduated from Harbin Medical University in 1987, majoring in clinical medicine. In 2003, he entered the station as a postdoctoral fellow, working with Professor Yang Baofeng. In 1999, he studied for the doctorate degree with Professor Bartley P Griffith, an internationally renowned expert in cardiothoracic surgery and heart and lung transplantation from the University of Pittsburgh, and Professor Xia Qiuming from Harbin Medical University. He completed his doctoral dissertation at the Thomas E Starzl Institute for Transplantation and Oncology at the University of Pittsburgh. Good at lung transplantation.[48]

HRBYDD2FYY033 Yang Chunwen

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of Thoracic Surgery, Professor. Former Chief Surgeon and Professor of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.

Personal Profile: He has been engaged in thoracic surgery and thoracic and cardiovascular surgery for more than 40 years. Participated in more than 10 cases of heart transplantation and 1 case of single lung transplantation in Heilongjiang Province.[49]

HRBYDD2FYY034 Zhang Xuefei

Job Title: Associate Chief Surgeon of Ophthalmology, Associate Professor. Member of Ophthalmology Professional Committee of Heilongjiang Province.

Personal Profile: She has been engaged in ophthalmology clinical work of corneal disease, ocular surface disease and lacrimal organ disease for nearly 20 years. Good at corneal transplantation and ocular surface transplantation.[50]

HRBYDD2FYY035 Qu Lijun

Job Title: Assoicate Chief Surgeon of Ophthalmology, Associate Professor.

Personal Profile: Started working in 1999, graduated from Qingdao University with a doctorate in Ophthalmology, under the tutelage of Professor Xie Lixin, a famous ophthalmologist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.[51]

HRBYDD2FYY036 Ren Xiaoping

Job Title: Professor, Chief Surgeon, Master and Doctoral Supervisor, Postdoctoral Supervisor, Deputy Director of the Orthopedics Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

Personal Profile: In 1984, he graduated from the Medical Department of Harbin Medical University. Before going abroad, he served as the deputy director of the orthopedics department of the First Hospital of Harbin City, the leader of the hand microsurgery discipline, the representative to the Eighth National People's Congress of Heilongjiang Province and the secretary of the Harbin Culture, Education and Health Group. In 2012, he was introduced by Academician Yang Baofeng, President of Harbin Medical University, from the United States as a specially-appointed professor and foreign expert to return to his alma mater to engage in clinical, teaching and scientific research. In 1996, he was invited to go to the Klanert Hand Microsurgery Center of Lewisville University in the United States for clinical training, under the tutelage of Professor Klanert, an American surgical expert, and engaged in the diagnosis, treatment and scientific research of hand surgery diseases. During the nearly five years of studying and working in the University's Hand Surgery Center, Ren Xiaoping designed and completed the world's first preclinical animal model and related experimental research (CTA) of allogeneic composite tissue transplantation, and as the first author of this achievement published in the American Journal of Microsurgery, this design is known as the world's first successful allogeneic composite tissue transplantation model. Professor Ren Xiaoping participated in the completion of the first allogeneic hand transplantation in the center. He is currently serving as a professor in several clinical and basic teaching and research departments of the University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Cardiovascular Center, and Department of Pharmacology, as well as a visiting professor at Shanghai Second Military Medical University. He is also a member of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand and the Cardiovascular Society. Editorial board member, and was invited to review manuscripts for many English-language academic journals such as American Hand Surgery, Orthopedics, and Circulation. On November 20, 2017, Ren Xiaoping from Harbin Medical University in China participated in directing the world's first human head transplant at Harbin Medical University, which caused controversy.[52]

HRBYDD2FYY037 Liu Hongyu

Job Title: Chief Surgeon of Cardiac Surgery, Professor

Personal Profile: In China, since 1992, he has participated in 8 cases of heart transplantation (mainly for dilated cardiomyopathy) and 1 case of heart-lung transplantation; participated in nearly 20 cases of heart transplantation and 4 cases of heart-lung transplantation in the German Heart Center.[53]

References

[1]Introduction to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://www.hrbmush.edu.cn/system/2013/09/16/000715856.shtml

https://archive.is/wip/NboJB

[2]Introduction to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://www.hrbmush.edu.cn/system/2013/09/16/000715856.shtml

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/849.pdf

[3]Introduction to Departments of the First Ward of Urology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

https://web.archive.org/web/20111224015101/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

Link to WOIPFG files:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/850.png

[4]WOIPFG Report on Investigation of CCP’s Current Organ Harvesting from Living Falun Gong Practitioners (II)

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/67047

[5]WOIPFG Releases List of Medical Personnel Suspected of Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners in Non-military Medical Institutions in Heilongjiang Province, Introduction to Transplant Doctors at the Hospital, December 24, 2014,

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/45813#_Toc407146775

[6]WOIPFG Report on Investigation of CCP’s Current Organ Harvesting from Living Falun Gong Practitioners (II)

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/67047

[7]WOIPFG Report on Investigation of CCP’s Current Organ Harvesting from Living Falun Gong Practitioners (IV)

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/77139

[8] WOIPFG Report: Evidence of the CCP's Organ Harvesting from Living Falun Gong Practitioners in Medical Papers in Mainland China (Updated Version) First published on September 25, 2014, and updated on January 2, 2016

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/64179#_Toc399271343

[9] Source: Journal of Nursing, Vol. 13, Issue 12, 2006, pp. 29-30 "Surgical Coordination of Donor Heart Collection for Heart Transplantation Authors: Zhou Lijuan, Wang Libo, Yuan Yingzi (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Central Operating Room, Heilongjiang, Harbin ,150086); Link to WOIPFG files:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/125.pdf

[10] Journal of Wuhan University: The development history and prospect of organ donation in China

http://www.xml-data.org/WHDXXBYXB/html/376dc553-65cf-4291-99af-7b4465c286fa.htm

https://archive.is/TdpZl

[11]Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy, Vol. 20, Issue 02, 2002, pp.92-94, "A Comparative Study of Two Split Liver Transplantation Methods" Authors: Han De’en, Su Huawei, Li Yulan, Hu Zhanliang, Zhang Xinyu, Zhang Xinchen

Link to WOIPFG files:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/1126.pdf

[12] Chinese Journal of General Surgery, Volume 19, Issue 03, 2004, pp. 150-152 (English Journal Name: CHINESE JOURNAL OF GENERAL SURGERY) :Research on Practical Surgical Vascular Anatomy in Duodenum-preserving Pancreatic Head Resection Authors: Han De’en, Sun Qingfeng , Hu Zhanliang, Lu Chaoyang, Zhong Xiangyu, Li Yulan, Wang Zhidong

Link to WOIPFG files:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/1127.pdf

[13] Guangming.com: A Special Sports Meeting -The First Sports Meeting for Organ Transplant Patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

2004-05-17 Source: Guangming Daily Author: Reporter Zhu Weiguang Correspondent Sun Yudi and Guan Shuang

http://www.gmw.cn/content/2004-05/17/content_28913.htm

Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/337.png

[14]Introduction to Departments of the First Ward of Urology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

https://web.archive.org/web/20111224015101/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/keshi/Index.aspx?kid=33&gn=jianjie

Link to WOIPFG files:
http://www.upholdjustice.org/upload/images/nationalcriminalreports/338.png

[15]Introduction to Experts of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University: Zhu Qingguo

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=167&kid=33

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224050429/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[16]Introduction to Experts of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University: Gao Zhizhong

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=168&kid=33

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224034153/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[17]Introduction to Experts of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University: Gao Zhizhong

http://yde.outsource.dbw.cn/Web/NewsDetail.aspx?keshi3id=384&newsid=102…

https://web.archive.org/web/20180106022845/http://yde.outsource.dbw.cn/…

[18]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Dr. Chen Zhaoyan

http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLuglgWRBIFkeSa2ob.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20150513051801/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…

[19]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Dr. Li Yifei

http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLugNT0MupZO0ZUs6x.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20150327085850/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…

[20]Introduction to Experts of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University: Zhao Yakun

http://yde.outsource.dbw.cn/Web/NewsDetail.aspx?keshi3id=384&newsid=102…

https://web.archive.org/web/20180106022513/http://yde.outsource.dbw.cn/…

[21]Introduction to Experts of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University: Qiu Yu

http://yde.outsource.dbw.cn/Web/NewsDetail.aspx?keshi3id=384&newsid=102…

https://web.archive.org/web/20180106023038/http://yde.outsource.dbw.cn/…

[22]Baidu Encyclopedia: Profile of Wu Dequan

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%90%B4%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%A8/4247852

http://archive.is/bjHHg

[23]Family Doctors Online: Profile of Dr. Yang Weiliang

https://mysk.familydoctor.com.cn/Abaout/99194

https://web.archive.org/web/20180106023648/https://mysk.familydoctor.co…

[24]The Road to Health: Profile of Han De’en

http://shanli.yihu.com/doctor/hlj/0C635DCC4E84484D9C70A451BF60F202.shtm…

https://web.archive.org/web/20180106024003/http://shanli.yihu.com/docto…

[25]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Dr. Sun Shibo

http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLuTXKbrpF9fQsVXyf.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20140720050223/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…

[26]Profile of Cui Yunpu, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=82&kid=20

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224130555/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[27]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Dr. Jiang Mingshan

http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLuglgn0Zu58TyeNG7.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20150429180226/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…

[28]Profile of Hu Zhanliang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=86&kid=20

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224052121/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[29]Profile of Wang Zhidong, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=87&kid=20

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224050743/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[30]Profile of Zeng Zhaolin, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=114&kid=25

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224113954/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[31]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Dr. Zhang Xinyu

http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLugWSmYSdpUn-8HdJ.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20150424104756/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…

[32]Profile of Su Huawei, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=120&kid=26

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224053422/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[33]Profile of Tai Sheng, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=84&kid=20

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224042242/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[34]Profile of Sun Tiewei, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=118&kid=26

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224051224/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[35]Profile of Zhang Xinchen, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=111&kid=25

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224050339/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[36] Chinese Journal of Clinical Anatomy, Vol. 20, Issue 02, 2002, pp.92-94, "A Comparative Study of Two Split Liver Transplantation Methods" Authors: Han De’en, Su Huawei, Li Yulan, Hu Zhanliang, Zhang Xinyu, Zhang Xinchen

[37]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Dr. Wu Naishi

http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r0BCkuHzduw0JrcDWKEMSMwtPM.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20140720040401/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…

[38]Profile of Xie Baodong, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=68&kid=15

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224034749/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[39]Profile of Lu Hang, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=71&kid=16

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224034759/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…

[40]Profile of Chen Zidao, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yida2/web/zhuanjia/Details.aspx?yid=77&kid=17

https://web.archive.org/web/20120224031751/http://appweb.dbw.cn/dbw.yid…