WOIPFG’s Investigative Report on the Alleged Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners at the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital and Its Staff Members Suspected of Participation
Preface
The hospital has setup a key laboratory for liver transplantation sponsored by the Ministry of Health and Jiangsu Province. The laboratory is provided with sophisticated equipment and strong transplantation team and has performed a large number of liver transplantations. The source of the organs is unknown. According to the response from a doctor of the kidney transplant medical office, "Organs were taken from the brain death center. No one can guarantee that the kidney source must be donated." The director of the liver transplant center, Wang Xuehao, did not deny that the organs used were those of Falun Gong practitioners. Given, the general context of the CCP's state crime of live organ harvesting, the hospital is suspected to be one of the criminal bases for live organ harvesting of Falun Gong practitioners and other groups.
I. Hospital Overview
Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital (the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Research Institute, and Jiangsu Red Cross Hospital) is the largest first-class grade three general hospital in Jiangsu Province[1]. It has a construction area of 410,000 square meters, 4,600 actual beds and 6,500 employees[2].
II. The hospital has a key laboratory of liver transplantation sponsored by the Ministry of Health
The Key Laboratory of Living-donor Liver Transplantation of the Ministry of Health was built based on Jiangsu Liver Transplant Center, Liver Cancer Research Center of Nanjing Medical University and Transplantation Immunology Laboratory. It was the first domestic liver transplantation and liver surgery institute featuring living partial liver transplantation. It had a clinical liver transplant center with 2 in-patient areas and the center has a transplant immunology laboratory, liver cancer laboratory and dendritic cell workshop. The institute had 8 professionals with senior professional titles, more than 30 surgeons with postdoctoral and doctor degrees[3].
III. Based on the number of beds and turnover rate of the center, estimated number of liver and kidney transplants was huge
The Institute of Liver Surgery of Jiangsu People's Hospital contains more than 110 beds in 2 in-patient areas with a Key laboratory of the Ministry of Health. The Institute of Liver Surgery specializes in liver transplantation, living-donor liver transplantation and the evaluation, decision making and management of various problems pre and post operation[4]. There are 94 beds in the main department and 18 beds in the branch[5].
IV. The actual number of transplants far exceeds the announced number of cases
1. Very strong team of transplantation surgeons
The Institute of Liver Surgery is led by Professor Wang Xuehao, a fellow of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. The transplantation teams included 9 members with a professor title, 12 with an associate professor title. The total number of medical professionals was 62 and among them 90% held a doctorate degree[6]. Wang had promoted his living-donor liver transplant techniques in more than 20 provinces and cities around the nation[7]. Urology Surgery has 26 surgeons including 6 with senior professional titles, 6 with associate senior professional titles and 7 with medium-level professional titles[8]. They can be formed into several liver and kidney transplant teams.
2. The quantity of liver transplantation is among the highest in China
Wang Xuehao can spend average 3-4 hours performing a liver transplantation surgery, and the quality and quantity of surgeries rank at the forefront of the country.[9] The liver transplant center led by Wang can be regarded as a quasi-military organization and the surgeons have no holidays, regardless day time or night. When others are resting, Wang was still leading his team working on experiments and surgeries. The surgeries often lasted more than 10 even 20 hours, and the doctors' legs were so swollen after the surgery that they could not feel a thing[10].
Figure 1 Snapshot of Special Topics on the Construction of Academic Style in Colleges and Universities
Within 3-4 hours to perform a surgery, often doing for more than 10 or 20 hours, and with the whole team, what does the fact tell us? That is to say that he regularly does a large number of transplantation surgeries and experiments, much more than the number he announced.
V. The Hospital performs the largest number and most complete types of kidney transplant operations in Jiangsu Province.
The Hospital’s official website states that it was among the first batch of hospitals approved by the Ministry of Health for kidney transplantation. In 1998, the Hospital established a Kidney Transplant Center. As of July 2014, a total of more than 1,900 cases of kidney transplants, combined liver-kidney transplants, and combined pancreas-kidney transplants had been performed. It has done the largest number and most complete types of kidney transplants in Jiangsu Province[11].
VI. Telephone investigation shows that the use of Falun Gong practitioners’ organs was not denied, the wait time for organs is short, and the number of liver and kidney transplants is large.
1. Organ source: The use of Falun Gong practitioners’ organs was not denied. The organs were taken from brain death centers. There is no guarantee that the kidneys were donated.
Investigation Subject: Wang Xuehao, Director of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
Investigation time: November 8, 2018 (Phone number 13305178713)
(Recording 1. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf20)
Summary
Wang Xuehao: It usually takes no more than two weeks to schedule a surgery. Most organs come from outside of the hospital, obtained from the brain death centers.
Investigator: Ah, that's the normal organ of Falun Gong, right?
Wang Xuehao: Well, this is a donated organ.
Personal profile: Wang Xuehao is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is the current director of the Institute of Liver Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Director of the Liver Transplantation Center of Jiangsu Province, Director of the Key Laboratory of Living-donor Liver Transplantation of the Ministry of Health and director of the Academic Committee, member of the Human Organ Transplantation Expert Group of the Ministry of Health, and deputy chairman of the Jiangsu Medical Association.[12]
Investigation Subject: A doctor from kidney transplant medical office[13]
Investigation Time: February 19, 2017 (Phone number +86-25-68136851)
Summary: There are many kidney transplants done. When it was more there were four or five surgeries per week, when it was less there were two or three surgeries per week. Should be the most within the province, although not as much if compared with Shanghai. The donors have various channels. If someone from the prison agrees to donate, I can take it out when he is not dead, just dead yet, once it’s taken then it’s donated, donated. Once the kidney source is taken over, who can guarantee that it must be donated, that is, death row inmates, who knows what the kidney source was taken from.
(Download Recording 2 MP3; please see Addendum 25)
2. Short waiting time: two weeks for the fast ones, two months for the slow ones.
Investigation Subject: Wang Ping, director of liver transplantation[14]
Investigation Time: July 24, 2016 (Phone Number +86-13951873090)
Summary: No problem if you want to change your liver, just come to see me directly. We do it very often. This is one of our routine jobs. Patients of blood Type B can obtain a liver after waiting for one month.
(Recording 3. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 197)
Investigation Subject: liver transplant doctor
Investigation Time: October 31, 2017 (Phone number: +86-2568136052)
Summary: To register you have to pay 180,000 yuan first; compared with Gulou (hospital), it will definitely be more; in general, the waiting time is about a month; two weeks for fast ones, two months for slow ones.[15]
(Recording 4. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 4)
3. Large amount of transplantation
Investigation Subject: A nurse in the liver transplantation
Investigation time: October 26, 2017 (Phone number: +86-2568136514)
Summary: A lot of liver transplants were done this year, but the specific numbers are certainly not convenient to tell you! We have quite a lot of directors doing liver transplants, you can make an appointment with Academician Wang (Wang Xuehao)[16].
(Recording 5. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 5)
Investigation Subject: A nurse at liver transplant center, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital[17]
Investigation time: August 2, 2019 (Phone number: +86-25-83718836)
Summary: definitely looking for the director to do transplant, looking for director Zhang Feng, or Li Xiangcheng. Here we have many directors, the one who does more is Zhang Feng, you can make an appointment with him. Wang Xuehao is our academician.
(Recording 6. Download: MP3; Translation Download: pdf074)
VII. Establishment of the Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation of Jiangsu Province
The Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation of Jiangsu Province was formally established on August 11, 2012, after the validation through the Provincial Key Laboratory Validation Meeting organized by the Department of Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province, which was jointly built by Nanjing Medical University and the First and Second Affiliated Hospitals of Nanjing Medical University. It is the first provincial key laboratory with xenotransplantation as the main research focus in China. The laboratory has an area of more than 4000 square meters, with a GLP laboratory dedicated to isolate islets. Among them, the liver transplantation laboratory, led by Academician Wang Xuehao of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, is a key laboratory of the Ministry of Health and one of the top ten clinical medical centers in Jiangsu Province. The laboratory has more than 30 full-time staff members, and its main members were awarded the title of "Innovation Team" in Jiangsu Province in 2011, staffed by one Academician, two Changjiang Scholars from the Ministry of Education, one National Outstanding Youth, and two specially appointed professors from Jiangsu Province[18].
VIII. The hospital was involved in the legal case of illegal organ harvesting and medical shady scenes.
According to mainland media reports, from 2017 to 2018, Lu Sen, chief surgeon of Jiangsu Province Hospital, conducted human organ donation across regions without approval. Without the joint signature and confirmation of the deceased's spouse, adult children, and parents, he performed one case of organ harvesting from a corpse in Huaiyuan County against the wishes of the deceased or their close relatives. Huang Xinli, a chief surgeon of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, performed eleven cases of organ harvesting from corpses illegally[19]. Lu Sen is a member of the OPO (Organ Procurement Organization) of Jiangsu Province Hospital, mainly engaged in the extraction of human organs[20]. Huang Xinli is a member of the Organ Donation and Management Group of the Organ Transplantation Branch of the Jiangsu Medical Association. In January 2018, Huang Xinli was transferred from the Hepatobiliary Center of Jiangsu Province Hospital to Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital through talent introduction. Huang Xinli was a co-worker of Lu Sen at Jiangsu Province Hospital. Before the incident, Lu Sen was the chief surgeon of the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Jiangsu Province Hospital. Huang Xinli and Lu Sen, the defendants in the Huaiyuan illegal organ harvesting case, both used to work in the Hepatobiliary Center of Jiangsu Province Hospital[21].
In June 2017, Sun Beicheng, Director of the Liver Surgery Department of Jiangsu Province Hospital, was stabbed and seriously injured. This incident had inside stories[22]. Sun Beicheng is the Deputy Director of the Liver Transplant Center of Jiangsu Province Hospital, mainly engaged in basic and clinical research on liver surgery and liver transplantation. In 2005, he began to perform liver transplantation, including living donor liver transplantation and has completed 250 liver transplants so far[23].
According to netizens’ postings, in early 2008, after the patient was admitted to Jiangsu Province Hospital, the doctor forced the patient by various means to have a heart transplant. In desperation, the patient's family had to agree. But then the hospital raised the operation fee from 150,000 to 200,000 RMB. The doctor concealed the fact that the hospital's medical equipment was not perfect and performed the operation hastily when the patient's lungs were infected, which eventually led to the death of the patient[24].
IX. List of responsible persons
JSRM001 Wang, Xuehao.
Male. Date of birth: January 29, 1942. Place of birth: Jianhu, Jiangsu[25].
Personal Profile: Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, chief surgeon, professor, and doctoral supervisor. A renowned expert in hepatobiliary surgery and liver transplantation. Currently served as the Director of the Institute of Liver Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Director of Liver Transplantation Center of Jiangsu Province, Director of the Key Laboratory of Living-donor Liver Transplantation and Academic Committee of the Ministry of Health, Member of the Expert Group of Human Organ Transplantation of the Ministry of Health, Vice President of Jiangsu Medical Association, etc[26]. His living-donor liver transplantation technology has been promoted to more than 20 provinces and cities in China.
He played a leading role in more than 660 cases of liver transplantation with various surgical methods, including 112 cases of living donor liver transplantation[27]。
JSRM002 Li, Xiangcheng. Male.
Personal Profile: Deputy Director of Liver Transplantation Center of Jiangsu Province, Chief Surgeon, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor.
Visiting scholar at the Starzl Transplant Center of the University of Pittsburgh, USA in 2001, acquired a lot of advanced experience in perioperative management of liver transplantation. Visiting scholar at the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department and Liver Transplantation Center of the Queen Mary Hospital of the University of Hong Kong in 2003, specializing in adult human living-donor liver transplantation techniques. Visiting scholar at Charite Medical Center, Humboldt University, Germany[28].
He was the first to report the application of microsurgical techniques in hepatic artery reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation, hepatic vein formation in living donor liver transplantation, and biliary tract reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation in China. So far, he has completed more than 150 cases of liver transplantation of various surgical methods.
JSRM003 Luo, Kai. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Breast Surgery
Awarded as Associate Professor of Nanjing University Medical School in 2000. Engaged in general surgery for more than 20 years with rich experience in the diagnosis and treatment of general surgery diseases. Graduated from the Southwest Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital of the Third Military Medical University of the People's Liberation Army in 1991 with a master's degree, and graduated from the Second Military Medical University of the People's Liberation Army in 1996 with a doctorate degree, under the supervision of academician Li Jieshou, a famous general surgeon in China. After graduation, he worked as an associate chief surgeon, associate professor and master's supervisor in Nanjing Military General Hospital. Currently in the General Surgery Department of Jiangsu People's Hospital, mainly engaged in the treatment and research of breast surgical diseases[29]. Participated in the clinical work of the first case of small bowel transplantation and combined liver and small bowel transplantation in China.
JSRM004 Zhang, Feng. Male.
Personal Profile: Chief surgeon, professor, doctoral supervisor, currently deputy director of Liver Surgery, deputy director of the Key Laboratory of living-donor liver transplantation of the Ministry of Health.
From 1992 to 1998, went to Kyoto University in Japan for three times to study living-donor liver transplantation technology, and won several National and Provincial Scientific and Technological Progress Awards.
He participated in the clinical work of the first small intestine transplantation and combined liver and small intestine transplantation in China[30].
As the principal investigator, he has promoted living-donor liver transplantation technology in various forms to many large hospitals in China. As the main researcher, he has promoted living donor liver transplantation techniques to many large hospitals across the country in various forms.
JSRM005 Yang, Tao. Male.
Personal Profile: Professor of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation[31].
JSRM006 Zhang, Mei. Female.
Personal Profile: Associate Professor and Associate Chief Surgeon of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation.
Visiting scholar at King's Medical College of London University, British, in 2008 and at the Human Islet Cell Transplantation Center of the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada in 2011[32].
JSRM007 Kong, Lianbao. Male.
Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon, Associate Professor, Deputy Director of General Surgery, Secretary of Liver Surgery Institute.
Received his undergraduate degree from Nantong Medical College in 1987 and his PhD degree from Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2005.
Visiting scholar at Starzl Organ Transplant Center, University of Pittsburgh, USA in 2001[33].
He worked in Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital for 25 years since 1987, and was the first in the province to apply vena cavaplasty in modified piggyback liver transplantation and living donor liver transplantation, and ultrasonic scalpel technology in liver tumor resection and living donor liver transplantation. Played a leading role in completing more than 150 cases of liver transplantation.
JSRM008 Sun, Beicheng. Male. Date of birth: February 1970[34] .
Personal Profile: Professor of General Surgery (Liver Surgery), Chief Surgeon. Deputy Director of Liver Surgery Institute. Youth member of the Organ Transplantation Branch of the Chinese Medical Association.
Received his PhD degree in Surgery from Nanjing Medical University in 2001.
A postdoctoral fellow at the Transplant Center, Health Science Center of University of Texas at San Antonio from October 2001 to August 2004[35].
In 2004, he was introduced as a talent to work in the Liver Transplantation Center of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital. So far, he has completed more than 120 cases of liver transplantation by various surgical methods.
JSRM009 Lu, Sen. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Professor, Associate Chief Surgeon of General Surgery and Liver Surgery[36].
Engaged in general surgery for 21 years, mastered the diagnosis and treatment of common diseases in general surgery, especially liver transplantation.
JSRM010 Cheng, Feng. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon, Associate Professor. of General Surgery (Liver Surgery) [37].
Good at liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease.
JSRM011 Li, Guoqiang. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon, Associate Professor of General Surgery (Liver Surgery)
Visiting scholar at liver transplantation and hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery at The University of Texas, USA, from July to December 2010[38].
Professional expertise: liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease.
JSRM012 Wang, Ping. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of General Surgery and Liver Surgery
Engaged in clinical, research and teaching work in general surgery since 1990[39].
Professional expertise: liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease.
JSRM013 Wang, Ke. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of General Surgery (Liver Surgery)
Visiting Scholar at Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong[40].
Good at liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease.
JSRM014 Qian, Xiaofeng. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of General Surgery (Liver Surgery) [41].
Good at liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease.
JSRM015 Pu, Liyong. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of General Surgery and Liver Surgery, Doctor of Surgery.
Engaged in the clinical, research and teaching work of general surgery since 1995, specialized in the treatment of common and frequently occurring diseases in general surgery.
Visiting scholar at Ronald Reagan Medical Center of UCLA in Los Angeles, USA in 2013[42].
After 2003, he mainly engaged in clinical and basic research of liver surgery/liver transplantation. Clinical research: Liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease.
JSRM016 Zhang, Chuanyong. Male.
Personal Profile: MD, Associate Chief Surgeon of General Surgery, Liver Surgery
Engaged in the clinical, research and teaching work of general surgery for many years; specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of common and frequently occurring diseases in general surgery[43].
Good at liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease.
JSRM017 Zhang, Wei. Male.
Personal Profile: Chief surgeon of urology, professor, doctoral supervisor[44].
In 2001, he took the lead in independently carrying out laparoscopic living donor kidney resection and allogeneic kidney transplantation in China, and carried out basic and clinical research on multi-organ combined transplantation and living relative donor kidney transplantation earlier in China.
JSRM018 Gu, Min. Male.
Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon and Professor of Urology, currently Vice President of Jiangsu People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University). Vice President of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital and Director of the Institute of Forensic Medicine. Member of the Transplantation Immunology Group of the Society of Microbiology and Immunology of the Chinese Medical Association, and the deputy head of the Renal Transplantation Group.
Engaged in clinical work of urology for 20 years[45].
The main research direction is organ transplantation.
JSRM019 Xu, Zhengquan. Male.
Personal Profile: Chief surgeon and professor of Urology.
A member of the surgical expert group of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital and former Director of the Department of Urology. Engaged in clinical medical, teaching and research work in urology for nearly 50 years[46].
Good at kidney transplantation.
JSRM020 Lyu, Qiang. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Urology, Associate Professor.
Postdoctoral Fellow, Johns Hopkins University, USA[47].
Able to perform kidney transplant.
JSRM021 You, Guocai. Male.
Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon of Urology[48].
Able to perform kidney transplant,etc.
JSRM022 Zhang, Shijiang. Male.
Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon of Thoracic Surgery, Professor.
Received advanced training in cardiac surgery at Shenyang Military Region General Hospital and master's degree in cardiovascular surgery at Xinhua Hospital of Shanghai Second Medical University.
Visiting scholar at the Cardiovascular surgery at the affiliated Hospital of University of Massachusetts Medical School, and BWH Hospital of Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA for advanced training and study of cardiovascular surgery and lung transplantation[49].
Completed several most difficult lung transplants, and has in-depth research, especially in the lung transplantation treatment.
JSRM023 Shao, Yongfeng. Male.
Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon of Thoracic Surgery[50].
He specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases, such as lung transplantation for end-stage lung disease, heart transplantation for end-stage heart disease, and combined heart-lung transplantation.
JSRM024 Zhao, Sheng. Male.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Thoracic Surgery[51].
Good at heart transplantation, etc.
JSRM025 Wang, Yadong. Female.
Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon, Professor of Ophthalmology[52].
Able to perform surgeries such as corneal transplantation.
JSRM026 Yuan, Zhilan, Female. Born on June 26, 1955, native of Rushan, Shandong Province. Member of the Chinese Communist Party[53].
Personal Profile: Professor of Ophthalmology, Chief Surgeon[54].
Routinely carry out various types of surgeries including corneal transplantation.
JSRM027 Wu, Hongfei. Male.
Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon and Professor of Urology[55].
Has an in-depth research on kidney transplantation.
JSRM028 Dai, Yifan. Male.
Personal Profile: Director of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Deputy Director of Metabolic Disease Research Center of Nanjing Medical University, Distinguished Professor of Nanjing Medical University, Doctoral Supervisor. Member of International Society for Organ Transplantation, Member of International Xenotransplantation Society.
Received his medical bachelor’s degree from Zhejiang Medical University in 1983, his medical master’s degree from the Department of Pathophysiology in 1986, and his Ph.D. in Molecular Genetics from the Institute of Genetics, Fudan University in 1989.
Postdoctoral Fellow at the Salk Institute, California, USA, from 1991-1995; Research Fellow at the Baxter Healthcare, USA, from 1995-1998; Senior Research Fellow, Director of Molecular Biology Laboratory, at Revivicor Inc. from 1998-2004; Associate Professor, Starzl Institute for Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, USA, from 2004-2008[56].
JSRM029 Li, Rongfeng. Male.
Personal Profile: Professor of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation.
Graduated from the Department of Biology of Inner Mongolia University in 1992 and stayed in the Experimental Animal Research Center of Inner Mongolia University in the same year. Received his Master and Ph.D. degrees in 1997 and 2003, respectively, under the supervision of Academician Bou Shorgan.
Went to Japan to conduct international cooperative research at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries from 1995 to 1996. Postdoctoral fellow at the University of Missouri, USA, from 2005 to 2007[57].
JSRM030 Deng, Guomin. Male.
Personal Profile: Director of Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Distinguished Professor of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Director of Key Laboratory of Antibody Technology, Ministry of Health.
Received his medical degree from Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 1988, and studied and received his master degree in immunology from Peking Union Medical College from 1991-1994.
Received his PhD in Immunology from Goethe University, Sweden in 1997-2001, and after that was a postdoctoral fellow in Immunology of the National Institutes of Health USA. A lecturer and assistant professor at Harvard Medical School from 2006 to 2012[58].
JSRM031 Yao, Aihua. Female.
Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center. Member of International Liver Transplantation Association, Branch member of Surgical Society, Chinese Medical Association, Committee member of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Chinese Association of Research Hospitals, member of Biliary Medicine Group of Digital Medicine Committee.
Doctor of Surgery. Engaged in clinical, research and teaching work in general surgery since 1999, and mainly engaged in clinical and basic research in liver surgery/liver transplantation after 2002.
Visiting scholar at the Ronald Reagan Medical Center of UCLA in Los Angeles, California, USA, from 2014 to 2015, focusing on liver transplantation and minimally invasive ablation of liver cancer[59].
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[34] Webpage “State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine” Profile of Sun, Beicheng
http://sklrm.njmu.edu.cn/1935/list.htm
[35]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Sun Beicheng
http://www.jsph.net/art/2008/12/15/art_2669_200.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20150326020142/http://www.jsph.net/art/2008…
[36]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Lu Sen
http://www.jsph.net/art/2012/9/12/art_2669_1744.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20140803122041/http://www.jsph.net/art/2012…
[37]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Cheng Feng
http://www.jsph.net/art/2012/9/11/art_2669_1709.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20140803134150/http://www.jsph.net/art/2012…
[38]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Li Guoqiang
http://www.jsph.net/art/2012/9/11/art_2669_1707.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20151120023227/http://www.jsph.net/art/2012…
[39]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Wang Ping
http://www.jsph.net/art/2012/9/11/art_2669_1711.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20151119020510/http://www.jsph.net/art/2012…
[40]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Wang Ke
http://www.jsph.net/art/2012/9/11/art_2669_1713.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20140803121439/http://www.jsph.net/art/2012…
[41]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Qian Xiaofeng
http://www.jsph.net/art/2012/9/11/art_2669_1715.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20140803121829/http://www.jsph.net/art/2012…
[42] Website, haodf.com (Good Doctors Online), Profile of Pu, Liyong
http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r0eJWGqZNGkwWG0-uuXKBSmlvNl4j.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20150402223636/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…
[43]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Zhang Chuanyong
http://www.jsph.net/art/2012/9/11/art_2669_1719.htmlhttps://web.archive…
[44]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Zhang Wei
http://www.jsph.net/art/2008/11/12/art_947_236.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20160404212513/http://www.jsph.net/art/2008…
[45]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Gu Min
http://www.jsph.net/art/2008/11/12/art_947_232.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20150206072836/http://www.jsph.net/art/2008…
[46]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Xu Zhengquan
http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLfKUmkgzM21bXlzuR.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20150408044105/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…
[47]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Lv Qiang
http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r0BCkuHzdeGIHFhceCoEzBhPT2.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20150403150315/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…
[48]Famous Doctors Online: Profile of You Guocai
http://z.myzx.cn/yisheng/info/146645.html
[49]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Zhang Shijiang
http://www.jsph.net/art/2010/8/11/art_923_192.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20140716103547/http://www.jsph.net/art/2010…
[50]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Shao Yongfeng
http://www.jsph.net/art/2010/8/11/art_923_188.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20150206073804/http://www.jsph.net/art/2010…
[51]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Zhao Sheng
http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r0BCkuHzdeCONCbsPGYy9dgccG.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20150421223623/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…
[52]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Wang Yadong
http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLPTRTWyqZSnk6w5sT.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20140626110228/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…
[53] Website, www.baike.baidu.com, Profile of Yuan, Zhilan
https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E8%A2%81%E5%BF%97%E5%85%B0
[54]Official Website of the Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital: Profile of Yuan Zhilan
http://www.jsph.net/art/2008/11/13/art_995_298.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20140803115703/http://www.jsph.net/art/2008…
[55]Good Doctors Online: Profile of Wu Hongfei
http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLPDXT0MupZO0ZUs6x.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20150426162107/http://www.haodf.com/doctor/…
[56]Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation: Profile of Dai Yifan
http://klx.njmu.edu.cn/2739/list.htm
[57]Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation: Profile of Li Rongfeng
http://klx.njmu.edu.cn/2741/list.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20180103162505/http://klx.njmu.edu.cn/2741/…
[58]Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation: Profile of Deng Guomin
http://klx.njmu.edu.cn/2748/list.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20180103162828/http://klx.njmu.edu.cn/2748/…
[59]Website “One Knife Helps Doctors” Profile of Yao, Aihua
http://47.92.170.139/forum.php?mod=searchys&a=jieshao&aid=5119
