WOIPFG’s Investigative Report on the Alleged Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University and Its Staff Members Suspected of Participation
Name: The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Location: No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province
Post Code: 310003
Tel: +86-571-87236114 (Hospital switchboard)
ForewordThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University is a large Grade-A Tertiary General Hospital. Among the various medical programs in the Hospital, organ transplantation is of the foremost importance. President Zheng Shusen and President Wang Weilin, who succeeded him in 2014, are both engaged in organ transplantation. The Hospital carries out multiple types of organ transplantation. The number of organ transplants ranks in the first tier of the nation. The multi-organ combined transplantation project led by Zheng Shusen was listed as a promotional project by the Ministry of Health, and it is also the most implemented since the launch of combined pancreas-kidney transplantation and liver-kidney transplantation. Zheng Shusen has successively assisted many hospitals in carrying out liver transplantation, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Xinhua Hospital, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, radiating more than 20 provinces and cities across the country, and vigorously promoting the development of organ transplantation in China. The laboratory led by Zheng Shusen has become one of the largest organ transplant centers in China and the largest organ transplant center in East China.
From 2007 to 2017, while working in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, he also served as a deputy chairman and chairman of the Anti-Cult Society of Zhejiang. Anti-Cult Society of Zhejiang was a government body established specifically for persecuting Falun Gong.
What kind of organization is the "China Anti-cult Association" (CACA)? Under the command of the Political and Legal Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the "610 Office", it was established and operated exclusively for the persecution of Falun Gong. It is a real "cult association." Established on November 13, 2000, CACA is composed of so-called experts, scholars, and religious figures who serve the CCP. It is an official organization operating in the name of "civilian organizations" or "non-governmental organizations." Its office is attached to the government agency China Science and Technology Museum. On the one hand, it creates the theoretical basis for the persecution of Falun Gong and uses members' religious or technological identities to publicize the CCP's reasons for persecuting Falun Gong to the domestic and international community. On the other hand, it researches the theories and methods of brainwashing and "transforming" Falun Gong practitioners, provides guidance to various detention centers, labor camps, and brainwashing centers, and directly participates in the persecution of Falun Gong practitioners. The "cult association" has established affiliated "cult associations" at all levels in all provinces, cities, districts, counties, streets, enterprises, universities, middle schools, and primary schools throughout China, forming a persecution system covering every corner of the country.
I. Hospital Profile:
The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, referred to as the First Hospital, Zhejiang University for short, is a Class A tertiary general hospital affiliated with the Department of Medicine of Zhejiang University.
The hospital has six major campuses, with almost 5,000 beds. Currently, there are more than 6,500 employees, including 364 individuals with senior titles, 545 with associate senior titles, two academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, three national-level outstanding youths, three “Chang Jiang Scholars” and specially-appointed professors, two national winners of the National Talent Project, six people from the “Ten Thousand Talents Program” and four national-level young and middle-aged experts with outstanding contributions.
Over the years, the hospital has been well-known for organ transplantation and its treatment of pancreatic diseases, infectious diseases, hematological diseases, kidney diseases and urinary system diseases, clinical pharmacy and other disciplines. It has successfully carried out multiple organ transplant operations, such as liver, pancreas, lung, kidney, small intestine and heart transplantation.[1]
The hospital has established cooperative relations with more than 30 universities and medical institutions, including Stanford University, Johns Hopkins Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Charité Medical Center in Germany and Kyoto University in Japan. And it is a national-level liver disease and liver transplant research base and an international scientific and technological cooperation demonstration base. The hospital has responded to the national “One Belt One Road” initiative, joined the China-CEEC Hospital Cooperation Alliance, and promoted exchanges and cooperation with Hungary and other Central and Eastern European countries. And it has provided technologies and talents to Indonesia, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries.[2] (The above information comes from the hospital’s official website, and the information was updated on May 1, 2020)
According to Wikipedia, the original contents of the hospital profile archived on November 8, 2012 are no longer available.
II. Organ Transplantation Department:
The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University performs various organ transplants. It claims to be the national leader in liver transplantation, kidney transplantation, heart transplantation and lung transplantation, and that the number and quality of its organ transplantation both rank within the first echelon in China. Liver and kidney transplants have been included in the medical insurance coverage of Zhejiang Province.
As the chief scientist, Zheng Shusen has presided over a major national basic research program (i.e. the National 973 Program) in the field of organ transplantation for two consecutive times.[3] As an organ transplant expert, he served as the president of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University for many years. Wang Weilin, who succeeded him as president in 2014, is also a liver transplant expert.[4] It can be seen that in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, which has a number of medical disciplines, organ transplantation enjoys an especially important position.
1. Two key laboratories for organ transplantation: In the hospital, there are two laboratories ranking first and third among 13 provincial and ministerial-level key laboratories: the Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research under the Ministry of Health, and Zhejiang Provincial Organ Transplantation Key Research Laboratory.[5]
The multi-organ joint transplantation project led by Zheng Shusen has been listed as a promotion project by the Ministry of Health, and it has performed the largest number of joint pancreas-kidney transplantation and liver-kidney joint transplantation cases since these operations were first carried out. Zheng Shusen successively assisted many hospitals, including Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Huashan Hospital (affiliated with Fudan University), Xinhua Hospital in Shanghai and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, to carry out liver transplantation in more than 20 provinces and cities across China. And he has vigorously promoted the development of organ transplantation in China.[6]
The hospital’s official webpage archived by World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong (WOIPFG) has a more detailed disclosure of the Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research under the Ministry of Health. The information shows that the laboratory has become one of the largest organ transplant centers in China and the largest in Eastern China.
The key laboratory has become the largest organ transplant center in Eastern China
The Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research under the Ministry of Health was established in March 2001. The laboratory is located in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Special clinical bases have been established for liver transplantation, kidney transplantation, bone marrow transplantation, and heart and lung transplantation. This lab has become one of the largest organ transplant centers in China and the largest in Eastern China. It has first implemented the clinical practice of liver transplantation, pancreas transplantation and multiple organ transplantation in the province and in China.[7]
This key laboratory is an open research base established by the Ministry of Health in the field of organ transplantation. It has10,000 square meters, with equipment worth more than 50 million yuan. And it was designated a national key clinical specialty in 2013. There are ten research technology platforms in the key laboratory, including a large-scale biological sample platform, a proteome research platform, an epigenetic research platform, a molecular cancer and immunity research platform, a graft protection research platform, an organ transplantation immunology research platform and an organ transplant technology innovation platform.[8]
Figure 1. A snapshot of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Website
2. Liver and Kidney Transplant Center:
The Department of Hepatopancreas Transplantation: The person in charge is Zheng Shusen. The Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Department (aka. the Liver Transplant Center) has more than 340 beds in its in-patient service area. Its medical team has 13 professors with senior titles, 26 individuals with associate senior titles and a total of 134 doctors, of whom 60 percent have a doctorate.[9] The hospital’s Hepatopancreas Transplant Center performs whole-liver transplantation, living donor liver transplantation, pediatric liver transplantation, reduced-size liver transplantation, split liver transplantation, re-liver transplantation, multiple organ transplantation and other difficult transplantation procedures. The number of combined liver-kidney transplantation and combined pancreas-kidney transplantation cases performed by this center ranks among the top in China.[10]
Profiles of 40 experts: Zheng Shusen, Liang Tingbo, Shen Yan, Zhang Min, Bai Xueli, Wu Jian, Xu Xiao, Yu Jun, Gao Shunliang, Que Risheng, Jiang Zhijun, Zhang Wei, Sun Junhui, Geng Lei, Zhang Wenjin, Ke Qinghong, Zhang Aibin, Yang Fuchun, Qin Yunsheng, Wu Liming, Liu Yuanxing, Gao Feng , Xia Weiliang, Li Jianhui, Ling Qi, Shen Tian, Deng Junfang, Yu Songfeng, Xu Xiaobo, Wang Ji, Chen Wei, Chen Kangjie, Li Zhiwei, Jiang Jiangying, Jiang Jianwen, Hu Zhenhua, Liu Qibi, Wei Qiang, Ye Yufu and Zhang Qi
(The information is from the hospital’s official website)
The Kidney Disease Center: The person in charge is Chen Jianghua. It has 120 beds. The Kidney Transplant ward area (the seventh floor in District B of Building No. 6) has 40 beds, among which there are 16 beds in 10,000-level laminar flow wards. This center is one of the largest kidney transplant centers in China.[11] According to statistics, as of November 2008, the center had performed 2,519 kidney transplants in total, with an annual average of 200 to 250 kidney transplants.[12] (The information is from the hospital’s official website).
In addition, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center have jointly established an international top liver disease center.[13] In October 2010, Professor Tom Rosenthal, chief medical officer of UCLA, and Professor Ren Sun, Vice President of UCLA Medical School and International Cooperation Assistant, visited the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. They signed the cooperation agreement and established a joint liver disease center with the hospital.[14]
3. There are many professionals in the hospital’s liver and kidney transplantation departments, indicating that the organ transplant volume would also be large
Zheng Shusen is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, chairman of the Chinese Society of Organ Transplantation and the only mainland Chinese member of the International Liver Transplantation Society (ILTS). The majority of the 134 professors, specialists and doctors under him can perform liver transplantation and are able to form more than ten liver transplant teams. According to the hospital’s official website, as of July 10, 2015, Zheng Shusen had successfully performed 1,741 liver transplants. Zheng Shusen has personally stated in public that he had completed more than 3,300 liver transplants.[15]
In the List of Medical Personnel Suspected of Extracting Organs from Living Falun Gong Practitioners released by WOIPFG in 2014, there were many organ transplant surgeons from the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University.[16] There have been 44 kidney transplant surgeons discovered from medical papers and the hospital’s official website, including five chief surgeons, eight associate professors and deputy chief surgeons, who can form multiple renal transplant teams.
III. Investigation calls: donor source, transplant volume, waiting time, donation, buying and selling...
1. Kidney transplantation resources:
Investigation Date: May 8, 2015 (Phone number: +86 57187236871)
The nurse said that they completed more than 300 cases in 2014 and in 2015.[17]
(Recording 1. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 150)
Nurse: Hello, this is Kidney Transplant Ward.
Investigator: Hello, nurse, would you please tell me how many cases of kidney transplantation you have done this year?
Nurse: More than 300 cases last year.
Investigator:Oh, more than 300 cases, how about this year?
Nurse:Yes, yes, yes.
Investigator: How about this year?
Nurse:This year, it should be about the same. what do you want?
Investigator: Oh, there are 300 cases this year, it's almost the same as last year, right?
Nurse:Yes, yes, it's almost the same in total number.
Investigator:Oh, it means there were more than 300 cases last year.
Nurse:Right, right, right.
A nurse of the kidney transplant ward at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
Investigation Date: August 1, 2017（+86-57187236871）
“If you want to wait for the kidney sources to show up in the hospital, it will be very slow. At least 5 years! We do a lot (of kidney transplants), between 30 and 40 cases a month on average.” When a WOIPFG investigator asked, “If your hospital does between 30 and 40 cases a month on average, can you do between 400 and 500 cases a year?”, the nurse confirmed, “Yes.”[18]
(Recording 2. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 154)
2. Large amount of liver transplantation
“Every year our hospital performs several thousand transplants.”
On May 4, 2016, a nurse at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University revealed to a WOIPFG investigator, “Every year our hospital performs several thousand transplants.” This figure is more than 10 times of the hospital’s publicly released annual organ transplant volume, but it is in line with the hospital’s several hundred ward beds dedicated to organ transplants.[19]
(Recording 3. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 77)
3. Large amount of kidney transplants (the official website says: an average of 200-250 kidney transplants per year)
"Now (kidney transplants) are ranked the first and second in China every year"
Director Wu Jianyong: Now it ranks first and second in China every year! [20]
Subject of investigation: Wu Jianyong, director of the Nephrology Center (Tel: +86 139 0652 3095)
Investigation time: February 10, 2016
Investigation findings: We do, we do a lot, so more patients come. ...now it ranks first and second in China every year.
(Recording 4. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 4)
"The beds are very tight, and the hospital can discharge in a week if smoothly, and the sutures will be removed in the outpatient clinic." [21]
Subject of investigation: Dr. Xie Wenqing, a full-time dispatcher of the Kidney Transplant Center
Investigation time: December 27, 2016 (Tel: +86 571 8723 6871)
Investigation findings: We do kidney transplants, and nearly 300 cases have been done this year. There are 50 beds in this ward, the beds are very tight, and the hospitalization time, can be discharged after a week if smoothly, removing sutures at outpatient clinic.
(Recording 5. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 5)
A lot of kidney transplants are done, and four or five hundred cases can be done every year.
Investigation object: Nurse of the kidney transplantation center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Investigation time: February 21, 2019 (+ 86-57187236871) Executive summary: Kidney transplantation "There are four or five hundred every year." Have done several[22].
(Recording 6. Download: MP3 , Manuscript Download: pdf 004)
"Kidney transplantation has been separated from the urology department, and a kidney center has been established."
Subject of investigation: Chen Zhaodian, a dialysis doctor in the Urology Department of the First Hospital of Zhejiang University[23]
Investigation time: February 11, 2016 (Tel: +86 139 0581 2852)
Investigation findings: Kidney transplantation has been separated from the urology department. They are required to set up a kidney center to specialize in kidney transplantation. Wu Jianyong is the director of the kidney disease center. Do it for sure, Let me give you a phone number. (Wu Jianyong: 139 0652 3095)
(Recording 7. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 7)
4. The wait time is short.
Subject of investigation: Dr. Zheng, a liver transplanter of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Investigation time: September 12, 2019 (+ 86-571-87236617)[24]
Executive summary: For liver transplantation, some one week, two Weeks waited, and some months didn't. (Recording 8. Download: MP3, Manuscript Download: pdf 097)
5. Organ Donation:
A staff member at the Organ Donation Management Center of Zhejiang Red Cross Society (April 20, 2017): “(There are) not many donors. (There were) more than 100 cases (of organ donation in 2016)” And some of them couldn’t be used. (The annual organ transplant volumes self-reported by eight organ transplant hospitals in Zhejiang are several dozen times of the organ donation quantity at the Red Cross Society.)[25]
(Recording 9. Download: MP3 ; Transcript Download: pdf 149)
Subject of investigation: Person on Duty at the Organ Donation Management Center of the Zhejiang Red Cross Society[26]
Investigation Date: December 15, 2016 (Phone number: +86+ 571-85043999)
“It is certain that most people would refuse to donate (their organs); otherwise, it wouldn’t be such a small number of donations!”
(Recording 10. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 191-2)
A Nurse at the Kidney Transplant Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University (August 1, 2017)[27]: “We do a lot (of kidney transplants). If you want to wait for the kidney sources to show up in the hospital, it will be very slow. At least 5 years!”
(Recording 11. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 192)
IV. The liver donors in Zheng Shusen's medical paper were very likely Falun Gong practitioners
1. Forty-six donors for emergency liver transplant operations were Falun Gong practitioners
Zheng Shusen’s research paper published in 2005 shows that the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine performed 46 emergency liver transplant operations from January 2000 to December 2004.[28]
An emergency liver transplant is an urgent liver transplant operation performed on patients with acute liver diseases and less than 72 hours to live. Due to the difficulty of urgent tissue typing and long wait times for compatible organs, emergency liver transplants are rarely seen in other countries. Were Zheng Shusen’s emergency liver sources from donated organs? Zhejiang Province didn’t participate in the organ donation pilot project until August 26, 2010,[29] while the 46 emergency liver transplants listed in the paper by Zheng Shusen in 2005 were performed from January 2000 to December 2004. So, it is obvious that these 46 organs could not have come from voluntary organ donations. Moreover, random donor organs are also unlikely to be a regular source for emergency liver transplantation.
They shouldn’t have come from executed prisoners, either. The Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) organ resources from executed prisoners are limited, and hospitals fiercely compete with one another to obtain them. Therefore, it is impossible for these organs to become a regular organ source. In addition, executions take place according to their scheduled times and locations, and it is almost impossible to satisfy the needs of emergency liver transplants, which occur ad hoc. In order to complete a large number of emergency organ transplants, there must be a large number of people, who are not ordinary death-row inmates, who have already completed tissue typing in advance, who have lost their freedom, and whose organs can be harvested at any time according to transplantation needs. That is, there must be a living donor bank. In China, only the massive number of illegally detained Falun Gong practitioners meet these requirements. In the 46 emergency liver transplant cases performed by Zheng Shusen during the four-year peak period of organ transplantation, the donors could only be Falun Gong practitioners.
2. Five hundred and sixty-four livers lack credible evidence of ethical organ sourcing
In October 2016, Zheng Shusen's paper was revoked by the authoritative international academic journal Liver International because of the transplant donor. According to Science magazine, the international authoritative academic journal Liver International decided to retract one medical paper authored by Zheng et al., which was published on this magazine’s website in October 2016, due to “absence of credible evidence of ethical sourcing of organs”.[30] And Zheng Shusen has been forbidden to publish medical papers on this magazine for life.
V. Official media reported organ transplantation cases by the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University
On January 28, 2005, according to the mainland Chinese website Jksoso, Zheng Shusen at the organ transplant center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University completed five liver transplants consecutively on the same day. And Zheng Shusen once performed 11 orthotropic liver transplants in a week.[31]
On March 24, 2014, Sohu’s homepage published a report titled “Awesome! The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Completed 14 Major Organ Transplants within 48 Hours”. The article stated that President Wang Weilin, who was in charge of liver transplantation, led the surgical team to perform 14 major organ transplants at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University in less than 48 hours. These operations included a heart transplant, one lung transplant, four liver transplants and eight kidney transplants, setting a new record since the hospital started performing organ transplants. “The operating room was like the rain outside the windows, as the operations lasted two days.”[32]
VI. List of Key Individuals Responsible for Live Organ Harvesting at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University
Name: Zheng Shusen
Serial number: ZJDX001
Gender: male
Date of birth: January 1950
Place of birth: Longyou County, Zhejiang Province
Profile: Zheng is the former president of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, the current president of Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital and incumbent director of the Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. He also served as the deputy chairman and chairman of Zhejiang Provincial Anti-Cult Association (from 2007 to 2017), which is an important institution of the CCP in persecuting Falun Gong practitioners.[33]
In 2020, Qianjiang Evening News reported that Academician Zheng Shusen, president of Shulan Health Group, had completed more than 3,300 liver transplants.[34] He assisted more than 20 provinces and cities across China to carry out liver transplants.[35] As of 2021, Zheng Shusen had performed about 3,500 liver transplants.[36]
Zheng was born in Youlong County, Zhejiang Province in January 1950. He graduated from West China University of Medical Sciences in 1986 with a doctorate in science. He was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 2001.[37] Zheng Shusen served as a chief expert of the National 973 Program in the field of organ transplantation for two consecutive times, and he is the director of the Key Laboratory of Multi-Organ Transplantation Research under the Ministry of Health.[38] He is chairman of the Chinese Medical Association’s Organ Transplantation Branch, head of the Chinese Medical Association’s Liver Transplantation Group, vice chairman of the Chinese Medical Association’s Surgery Branch, and head of the Chinese Medical Association’s Organ Transplantation Group. He is currently chairman of China’s Organ Procurement Organization (OPO).[39] He also served as chairman of the Chinese Conference of Organ Transplantation multiple times.
Name: Chen Jianghua
Serial number: ZJDX002
Gender: male
Date of birth: April 1958[40]
He studied at Zhejiang Medical University from 1977 to 1980. After graduation, he was engaging in the clinical work of treating kidney diseases. From 1986 to 1989, he studied at Tianjin Medical College and graduated with a master’s degree.
He has long been engaging in clinical medical treatment, teaching and scientific research of nephrology and organ transplantation. He was is the first to create an integrated kidney disease treatment model in China and established one of China’s largest kidney disease treatment centers. He is skilled in kidney transplantation and diagnosis and treatment of multiple organ transplantation.[41]
Name: Huang Hongfeng
Serial number: ZJDX003
Gender: male
Profile: Huang is deputy chief surgeon at the hospital’s Kidney Disease Center.
From September 1990 to June 1995, he studied at Zhejiang Medical University. From September 2000 to June 2003, he studied at Zhejiang University School of Medicine and graduated with a master’s degree.
He has long been engaging in the clinical work of kidney transplantation, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and integrated treatment of kidney diseases. He has completed more than 600 kidney transplants and more than 70 living donor kidney transplants, and he had followed up with kidney transplant recipients and patients with pre-renal diseases in more than 5,000 cases.[42]
Name: Wang Yimin
Serial number: ZJDX004
Gender: male
Profile: Wang is deputy chief surgeon at the hospital’s Nephrology Center.
He is skilled in clinical kidney transplantation. He has considerable clinical experience in kidney transplant surgeries and postoperative management, and early diagnosis and treatment of organ rejection.[43]
Name: Wang Suya
Serial number: ZJDX005
Gender: female
Profile: Wang is deputy chief surgeon at the hospital’s Nephrology Center.
She is skilled in kidney transplantation, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic nephropathy of transplanted kidneys.[44]
Name: Wu Jianyong
Serial number: ZJDX006
Gender: male
Profile: Wu is chief surgeon at the hospital’s Kidney Disease Center and deputy director of the Nephrology Center. He is also a member of the Zhejiang Society of Organ Transplantation, standing editor of the Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation (digital edition) and editorial board member of the Organ Transplantation magazine.
He has a lot of clinical experience in kidney transplant surgeries, postoperative management, complication management and long-term survival rate improvement, and he conducts research on the ischemia-reperfusion injuries of transplanted kidneys.[45]
Name: Zhang Ping
Serial number: ZJDX007
Gender: female
Profile: Zhang is deputy director of the Kidney Disease Center and chief surgeon.
She has participated in more than 300 kidney transplant operations.[46]
Name: Shou Zhangfei
Serial number: ZJDX008
Gender: male
Profile: Shou is deputy director of the Kidney Disease Center and chief surgeon.
He has long been engaging in the integrated treatment of kidney diseases, especially clinical and research on kidney transplantation. He has performed more than 800 cases of kidney transplantation.[47]
He has and performed more than 5,000 followed-up visits to his kidney transplant recipients.[48]
Name: Jiang Hua
Serial number: ZJDX009
Gender: male
Profile: Jiang is secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Branch of the Kidney Disease Center and deputy chief surgeon.
Expertise: Kidney transplantation[49]
Name: Wang Huiping
Serial number: ZJDX010
Gender: female
Profile: Wang is deputy director and chief surgeon of the Clinical Pathology Center at the Kidney Disease Center.
Research areas: kidney pathology, transplantation pathology.[50]
Name: Zhang Xiaohui
Serial number: ZJDX011
Gender: male
Profile: Zhang is deputy chief surgeon at the Kidney Disease Center.
He’s particularly skilled in performing kidney transplantation.[51]
Name: Yu Jun
Serial number: ZJDX012
Gender: male
Profile: Yu is deputy chief surgeon at the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department and the Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Department, and member of the First Youth Committee of the Chinese Medical Association’s Organ Transplant Branch. He has participated in liver transplant surgeries and perioperative clinical management.[52]
Name: Yan Sheng
Serial number: ZJDX013
Gender: male
Profile: Yan is chief surgeon at the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department and the Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Department, and committee member of the Zhejiang Provincial Organ Transplantation Branch.
He graduated from the clinical medicine department of Zhejiang University in 1999 with a master’s degree in surgery. In 2007, he received a doctorate in surgery from Zhejiang University. From 2001 to 2004, he studied at Hannover Medical School in Germany, majoring in abdominal surgery and organ transplantation, and obtained a German Doctor of Medicine degree. In 2007, he studied pancreas and islet transplantation at Geneva University Hospitals in Switzerland. Also, as a visiting scholar in the Sino-Canadian Alberta cooperation project, he studied islet transplantation technologies in Edmonton, Canada, and established an islet isolation laboratory at Zhejiang University in the same year.
Main research area: organ transplantation. He conducts basic research on liver transplantation immune tolerance induction, transplantation immunotherapy, liver regeneration and repair. He also studies clinical islet transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. And he established a human islet isolation laboratory to conduct projects regarding islet transplantation and the combined transplantation with livers and kidneys.[53]
Name: Xu Xiao
Serial number: ZJDX014
Gender: male
Profile: Xu is professor and chief surgeon at the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and the Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Departments. He is chief of the Medical Department, deputy director of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, member of the National Committee of the Organ Transplantation Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, National Committee member of the Liver Transplantation Group of the Chinese Medical Association, and member of the Organ Transplantation Branch of the Zhejiang Medical Association. In June 2002, he received a doctorate in surgery from Zhejiang University.
He went to the Department of Surgery at Queen Mary Hospital, affiliated with the University of Hong Kong and the Surgery Molecular Tumor Center at the University of Kiel in Germany for further studies.
Research area: clinical and basic research of liver transplantation
Expertise: liver transplantation[54]
Name: Wu Jian
Serial number: ZJDX015
Gender: male
Profile: Wu is chief surgeon at the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and the Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Departments. He is deputy director of the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, as well as committee member and secretary of the Organ Transplant Branch of the Zhejiang Medical Association.
He graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine at Zhejiang University in 1996 and received a doctorate in surgery in 2001.
From 2002 to 2003, he studied hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery technologies in the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery at Queen Mary Hospital, which is affiliated with the University of Hong Kong.
Expertise and research area: liver transplantation[55]
Name: Wang Weilin
Serial number: ZJDX016
Gender: male
Profile: Wang is chief surgeon and professor at the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and the Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Department, vice president of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, and deputy director of the hospital’s Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department. He is also the deputy director of the Pancreatic Small Intestine Group of the Organ Transplantation Branch of the Chinese Medical Association.
From January 1997 to September 1999, he visited the Department of Surgery at the University of Hong Kong twice to do research in hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries. Currently, under the leadership of Academician Zheng Shusen, he is engaging in liver transplantation and pancreas transplantation, and he has participated in more than 500 liver transplants.
Main study area: organ transplantation[56]
Name: Tu Zhenhua
Serial number: ZJDX017
Gender: male
Profile: Tu is attending surgeon at the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Departments.
He graduated from the graduate school at the Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
Expertise: Consultation before liver transplantation surgeries and patient follow-up after surgeries.[57]
Name: Zhang Qiyi
Serial number: ZJDX018
Gender: male
Profile: Zhang is attending surgeon at the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Departments.
In 2013, he went to the Cleveland Clinic, which ranks fourth in the United States, for advanced training.
Expertise: liver transplantation[58]
Name: Shen Yan
Serial number: ZJDX019
Gender: male
Profile: Shen is chief surgeon at the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Departments.
From 1982 to 1987, he studied in the Department of Medicine at Tongji Medical University, and he received a bachelor’s degree. From 1990 to 1993, he studied in the Department of Surgery at Zhejiang Medical University and obtained a master’s degree.
Research area: clinical and basic research of liver and pancreas transplantation.[59]
Name: Jiang Zhijun
Serial number: ZJDX020
Gender: male
Profile: Jiang is deputy chief surgeon of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Departments.
He graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine at Zhejiang University in 1998 and received a doctorate in surgery in 2007. He is currently the backbone of the Zhejiang Provincial Hepatobiliary Surgery Innovation Team. He was a visiting scholar at the University of Kiel in Germany in 2009.
He is also the backbone of the hospital’s liver transplantation team.[60]
Name: Zhang Min
Serial number: ZJDX021
Gender: male
Profile: Zhang is chief surgeon of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Hepatopancreatic Transplantation Departments, and committee member of the Zhejiang Provincial Organ Transplant Branch of the Chinese Medical Association.
He has achieved remarkable results in liver transplantation and other fields.[61]
Name: Liang Tingbo
Serial number: ZJDX022
Gender: male
Profile: Liang is vice president, professor, chief surgeon, committee member and secretary of the Organ Transplantation Group of the Surgery Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, deputy chairman and secretary of the Zhejiang Organ Transplant Society, and executive deputy editor of the Journal of Transplantation.
So far, he has participated in 500 liver transplants, six combined pancreas-kidney transplants, 18 combined liver-kidney transplants and three living donor liver transplants.[62]
Name: Zhang Mangli
Serial number: ZJDX023
Gender: male
Profile: Zhang is deputy chief surgeon of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department.
In 1998, he graduated from a seven-year clinical medicine program at the Zhejiang Medical University (now Zhejiang University School of Medicine) with a master’s degree in surgery. In the same year, he started to work in the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
He obtained a doctorate in surgery in December 2005. He has been engaging in the research and treatment of liver transplantation for many years.
From 2003 to 2005, he was a visiting scholar at the University of Kiel in Germany.
Expertise: liver transplantation[63]
Name: Geng Lei
Serial number: ZJDX024
Gender: male
Profile: Geng is deputy chief surgeon of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department.
He started to participate in clinical work in 1993 and obtained a doctorate in surgery from Zhejiang University in 2006, under the tutelage of Academician Zheng Shusen.
Main research areas: liver transplantation, clinical and basic immunological research of liver transplantation[64]
Name: Jiang Guoping
Serial number: ZJDX025
Gender: male
Profile: Jiang is deputy chief surgeon of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department and deputy director of the Zhejiang Provincial Organ Transplant Center.
He graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine at Zhejiang Medical University (now Zhejiang University School of Medicine) in 1994.
From 2003 to 2004, he was engaging in tumor immunity research in the Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong.
From 2006 to 2008, he did research in liver transplantation immune tolerance at the Cleveland Clinic in the United States.
Expertise: liver transplantation, treatment of various complications, such as immune rejection of liver transplantation and poor graft functions[65]
Name: Jiang Jianwen
Serial number: ZJDX026
Gender: male
Profile: Jiang is deputy chief surgeon of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department.
From 1989 to 1994, he studied at Henan Medical University, majoring in clinical medicine. From 1995 to 1998, he obtained a master’s degree in general surgery from the Second Military Medical University. From 1998 to 2001, he worked at the Department of General Surgery in the PLA No.153 Hospital. From 2003 to 2006, he was a PhD student in general surgery at Zhejiang University School of Medicine. From 2006 to present, he has been working in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. And he has been a deputy chief surgeon since 2011.
Main research area: liver transplantation[66]
Name: Shi Shaohua
Serial number: ZJDX027
Gender: male
Profile: Shi is deputy chief surgeon of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department.
He graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine at Zhejiang Medical University in 1992 with a bachelor’s degree and then worked in Jiangshan People’s Hospital for four years. From 1996 to 1999, he studied for a master’s degree in surgery and specialized in liver transplantation at Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences. From 2000 to 2002, he studied for his doctorate in surgery, majoring in liver transplantation and hepatopancreatobiliary surgery at Zhejiang University.
In the team led by Academician Zheng Shusen, he has participated in liver transplantation and perioperative clinical management.[67]
Name: Li Qiyong
Serial number: ZJDX028
Gender: male
Profile: Li is deputy chief surgeon of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department.
After graduating from Zhejiang University School of Medicine with a master’s degree in 2002, he worked in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. After completing his studies in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 2003, he performed ERCP work and hepatobiliary surgeries under the guidance of Academician Zheng Shusen.
From 2008 to 2009, as a senior visiting scholar, he went to the Graduate School at the School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan for research and studied for one year. His specialties include treating various intractable biliary and pancreatic diseases, such as biliary complications after liver transplantation.
Main research area: liver transplantation[68]
Name: Ni Yiming
Serial number: ZJDX029
Gender: male
Profile: Ni is chief surgeon and director of the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, director of the Cardiology Center and the head of the Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Transplantation under the Ministry of Health and the Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation.
He graduated from Zhejiang Medical University with a bachelor’s degree in 1983.
He went twice to the University Heart Center Zurich, Switzerland for advanced studies, and received a doctorate from University Heart Center in 1996. He has studied at the West Virginia University Heart and Vascular Institute for one year. He has presided over heart transplantation and combined heart-lung transplantation surgeries. One heart transplant recipient has survived for eight years so far. And along with the patients from two heart-lung combined transplants performed by him, the patient has set the record for the longest survival time in China at that time.[69] In the field of organ transplantation, he has led his team to perform the first successful combined heart-lung transplants and combined heart-kidney transplants in the province.[70]
Name: Ma Liang
Serial number: ZJDX030
Gender: male
Date of birth: July 1969[71]
Profile: Ma is chief surgeon of the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department.
He graduated from the Department of Medicine of Zhejiang Medical University (now Zhejiang University School of Medicine) in 1992, and worked in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. He received a master’s degree from Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2000.
In 2003, he went to the Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland, and its laboratory and received a doctorate in medicine.
He mainly participated in the completion of the first heart transplant, combined heart-lung transplant and combined heart-kidney transplant. [72]
Name: Zhao Haige
Serial number: ZJDX031
Gender: male
Profile: Zhao is deputy chief surgeon at the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department.
He graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 1999, and he has been working in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine since.
From September 2007 to September 2010, he conducted post-doctoral research at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in the United States, and exhibited his medical paper at the Annual Conference on Shock in San Antonio in June 2009. In 2012, he was selected by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Health to visit and study cardiovascular surgery at Indiana University School of Medicine for three months.
Main research area: heart transplantation[73]
Name: Hu Jian
Serial number: ZJDX032
Gender: male
Profile: Hu is professor and chief surgeon, director of the General Thoracic Surgery Ward, and head of the Lung Transplantation Discipline of the Zhejiang Provincial Key Innovative Medical Disciplines.
He led his team to perform the first successful lung transplant in Zhejiang Province.
Research area: basic and clinical research of lung transplantation
Expertise: lung transplantation[74]
Name: Wang Yongqing
Serial number: ZJDX033
Gender: male
Profile: Wang is chief surgeon of general thoracic surgery, secretary of the Communist Party Branch of the Cardiothoracic Surgery Department and deputy director of the Heart Disease Center.
He graduated from Zhejiang University School of Medicine (formerly the Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Medical University) in 1978 and was promoted to chief surgeon in 1999. In 1990, he studied at the Loma Linda University Medical Center in the United States.
Research area: lung transplantation[75]
Name: Yu Guowei
Serial number: ZJDX034
Gender: male
Profile: Yu is deputy director of Cardiothoracic Surgery Department and chief surgeon.
He graduated from the Department of Medicine at Zhejiang University in 1982, and obtained his master’s degree in cardiothoracic surgery in 1988.
In 1992, he worked in the Cardiovascular Surgery Department at University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland. In 1995, he received a Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Zurich School of Medicine, Switzerland.
In 2000, he operated the first successful combined heart-lung transplantation surgery in China. In 1999, he completed the second heart transplant in Zhejiang Province.[76]
Name: Tu Zhengliang
Serial number: ZJDX035
Gender: male
Profile: Tu is chief surgeon at the General Thoracic Surgery Department.
He graduated from Zhejiang Medical University with a bachelor’s degree in 1994, and received a master’s degree from Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2002. In 2011, he started to work as chief surgeon.
He has participated in heart transplants, lung transplants and two cases of combined heart-lung transplantation.[77]
Name: Ye Peng
Serial number: ZJDX036
Gender: male
Profile: Ye is deputy chief surgeon at the General Thoracic Surgery Department.
He graduated from the Department of Medicine at Zhejiang Medical University in 1987. He worked in general surgery for five to ten years, and has been engaging in thoracic surgery for 23 years.
Research area: lung transplantation[78]
Name: Zhang Chong
Serial number: ZJDX037
Gender: male
Profile: Zhang is deputy chief surgeon at the General Thoracic Surgery Department.
He graduated from Zhejiang University’s seven-year clinical medicine program in 2002. He has been engaging in clinical work in thoracic surgery since, and has accumulated rich clinical experience.
From 2011 to 2012, he did advanced clinical studies in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Harvard University’s Massachusetts General Hospital and the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Barnes-Jewish Hospital of Washington University’s Medical Center. He has been engaged in lung transplantation.[79]
Name: Han Wei
Serial number: ZJDX038
Gender: male
Profile: Han is chief ophthalmologist.
He studied and worked in the School of Optometry, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University for many years and obtained a Ph.D. from the joint program by Zhejiang University and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Expertise: operations, such as corneal transplantation surgeries.[80]
Name: Shen Ye
Serial number: ZJDX039
Gender: male
Profile: Shen is chief surgeon of the Ophthalmology Department and vice president of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University.
He graduated from Zhejiang University School of Medicine in August 1984, and received a doctorate in ophthalmology from Zhejiang University in June 2002.
Expertise: corneal transplant surgeries[81]
Name: Chen Dajin
Serial number: ZJDX040
Gender: male
Profile: Chen is chief surgeon of kidney transplantation at the Kidney Disease Center. He has a doctorate and is deputy chief surgeon, Master’s student supervisor and currently deputy director of the Communist Party and Government Comprehensive Office at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. He is also deputy secretary-general of the Hangzhou Youth Federation and Organ Transplant Branch member of the Cross-Straits Medicine Exchange Association.[82]
He has mainly hosted or participated in three national-level projects and three provincial-level projects, and he has published more than 10 academic papers. He won the 2014 American Society of Nephrology Annual Meeting’s Outstanding Paper award and the 2015 Chinese Society of Nephrology Annual Conference’s Outstanding Paper award.
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