WOIPFG’s Investigative Report on the Alleged Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Its Staff Members Suspected of Participation

Jun 28,2023

Hospital: Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University

Address: 180 Fenglin Road / 1609 Xietu Road, Shanghai, China

The hospital has a large number of transplants in an striking growth rate. It always has sufficient organ donors, short waiting times, and transplants as usual during pandemic. A transplant doctor openly admitted that the source of organs was from Falun Gong practitioners. Dr. Tan Yunshan, the Director of the liver pathology department, admitted that Jiang Zemin ordered the live harvesting of organs from Falun Gong practitioners for transplantation.

During the investigation by WOIPFG, a doctor at the Liver Transplant Center in Fudan University’s Zhongshan Hospital was asked “whether you have the kind of [organs] from those who practice Falun Gong.” The answer was: “What we have here are all of this kind.”[1]

I. Hospital Overview

Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University is a third level first class general hospital. On May 23, 2007, this hospital was appointed by the Ministry of Health to perform liver, kidney and heart transplant surgeries.[2] It was the only hospital in Shanghai to obtain certification for heart, liver and kidney transplants all at once. Its Organ Transplant Center was established on October 30, 2001.[3]

II. High volume and rapid growth-rate of transplant surgeries at the hospital

Until Sep. 22, 2007, media and hospitals made the following statements:

1. The online media Sina.com reported in December 2003: The total number of organ transplants at Fudan University’s Organ Transplant Center has exceeded 100 cases per year, with an annual growth rate of 50 percent. On December 8, 2003, it cooperated with the world’s largest organ-transplant institute and co-founded the “Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital—US Pittsburg University Thomas E. Starzl Collaborating Transplant Research Center”, claiming “looking forward to reaching new milestones in the area of organ transplantation.”[4]

Figure 1 Snapshot of Sina.com News webpage in December 2003

2. In August 2006 (article submitted on February 10), Qin Xinyu, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital’s CCP secretary, vice president, and director of general surgery, published an article on Chinese Hospitals, stating that at the time, major organ transplant operations on heart, lung, liver and kidney had reached about 400 cases.[5]

Figure 2 Snapshot of "China Hospitals" article in August 2006

3. An online archiving website (www.archive.org) disclosed that as early as 2005, the following statements appeared on the hospital’s official website: “Zhongshan Hospital has completed a grand total of nearly 1,000 cases of kidney transplants, more than 200 cases of liver transplants, 107 cases of heart transplants, 6 cases of combined heart and lung transplants, and 11 cases of combined liver and kidney transplants. The number of organ transplants is rapidly increasing every year.”[6]

4. On Sep. 22, 2007, the following statement appeared in the special edition of the Zhongshan Hospital Newspaper celebrating Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital’s 70-year anniversary[7]: “Currently, the hospital has completed a grand total of more than 2,000 cases of kidney transplants, more than 570 cases of liver transplants (11 cases of living-donor liver transplants), over 200 cases of heart transplants, 9 cases of combined heart and lung transplants and 13 cases of combined liver and kidney transplants. The number of organ transplants at the hospital is increasing rapidly every year. This will enable more and more patients with end-stage kidney, liver, heart and lung diseases to have a new lease on life.”

Figure 3 Snapshot of the article in Zhongshan Hospital News in September 2007

It should be said that the above reports are mutually corroborating, and the development trend is consistent.

III. The transplant center has a strong transplant surgeons’ team and the huge transplant volume

1. The Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University had a strong transplantation team. According to the surgeons list released in 2014 by WOIPFG[8], there were 27 surgeons in Kidney Transplantation Department, including 6 chief surgeons or professors, 5 associate chief surgeons or associate professors. As for Liver Transplantation Department, there were 10 chief surgeons or professors, 9 associate chief surgeons or associate professors. As for the Cardiac Surgery Department, there were 3 chief surgeons or professors.

2. The number of transplants performed by individual doctors in the liver transplantation team reflects the huge practical number of transplants performed by the hospital.

Fan Jia is deputy director of Fudan University’s Organ Transplant Center, a professor, and chief surgeon.[9] On April 16, 2001, Fan Jia finished his first liver-transplant surgery.[10] By December 2006, he had completed a total of more than 500 cases of liver transplants.[11] By 2012, he had completed over 1100 liver transplants.[12] Fan Jia, as the current president of Zhongshan Hospital, “He worked 80+ hours per week, and completed 100+ cases of liver transplant per year”.[13]

Figure 4 Snapshot of article published in Zhongshan Hospital Newspaper

The figure above is only the number of transplants completed by one doctor. From the above team analysis, the hospital has at least 10 chief surgeons, 9 associate chief surgeons, and Fan Jia himself, as the president of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, must have many management and administrative matters to deal with, it is impossible for him to be the person who does the greatest number of surgeries. How about other doctors who can perform surgery? Let us see a few examples below.

Zhou Jian, the chief surgeon and professor of Organ Transplantation Center of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. As of June 2022, nearly 3,000 liver transplants have been completed. [14]

Huang Xiaowu, the chief surgeon of liver tumor surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, participated in nearly a thousand cases of liver transplants, and served as the group leader of liver transplant ward.[15]

Qiu Shuangjian, the deputy director, chief surgeon and professor of liver tumor surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, served as a principal member of the liver transplant team, has participated in the majority of liver transplants in Zhongshan Hospital, being the surgeon in 500 cases.[16]

Huang Cheng, the associate chief surgeon and associate professor of liver tumor surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, has already participated in more than 500 cases of liver transplantation since 2002.[17]

Shi Yinghong, the associate chief surgeon and associate professor of liver tumor surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, was involved in more than 400 cases of liver transplantation.[18]

3. The number of kidney transplantation per year is much higher than that of liver transplantation

The above report shows that the hospital has done many liver transplants, and the following one shows that the hospital’s annual transplant volume of kidney transplants is even higher.

a) According to published reports, the number of kidney transplants in this hospital is 4 to 5 times that of liver transplants.
In 2005, the hospital official website stated "Zhongshan Hospital has accumulated nearly a thousand cases of kidney transplant, and over 200 cases of liver transplant. The number of organ transplants are increasing rapidly every year.”[19] The number of publicly reported kidney transplants is five times that of liver transplants.

On September 22, 2007, Zhongshan Hospital Journal, the hospital newspaper’s special edition for the 70th Anniversary[20], mentioned “At present, the hospital has completed more than 2000 cases of kidney transplants in total, and over 570 cases of liver transplants. And the number of organ transplants is increasing every year.” The number of publicly reported kidney transplants is nearly four times that of liver transplants.

b) The Hospital has strong kidney transplantation team.

There are 27 kidney transplant doctors, 6 senior titles (chief surgeon or professor), and 5 associate chief surgeons, which can form multiple kidney transplant teams.

4. Hospital organ donor has been sufficient all the time

The hospital's official website claimed: "In recent years, due to the shortage of donors, the number of organ transplants in the country has generally decreased. However, the kidney transplant at Zhongshan Hospital is a standout[21]. The number of kidney transplants has been increasing year by year.”

IV. Telephone Investigation

Summary: The transplant doctor directly admits that the source of the organs is Falun Gong practitioners, the wait time is short, and the transplantation is as usual during the epidemic.

1. The transplant doctor openly admits that the source of the organ is from Falun Gong practitioners

Investigation Subject: A Doctor from Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai[22]

Investigation time: March 16, 2006. Phone Number: 011862164041990
Investigation phone record:

Investigator: Hello. Is this the Zhongshan Hospital?
Nurse: Yes, transplant ward.
Investigator: Is this the Liver Transplant Center?
Nurse: Yes. How may I help you?
Investigator: I want to have a consultation.
Nurse: Please wait.

Doctor: Hello! Hello!
Investigator: Are you a doctor? Can you do transplant surgery?
Doctor: Yes, I can.
Investigator: How long do I have to wait?
Doctor: About a week after you come.

Investigator: Are there any organs from Falun Gong practitioners? I heard that this kind is generally very good.
Doctor: What we have here is all this type.
Investigator: Oh, the healthy ones are all come from Falun Gong practitioners and they are fresh, usually within how many hours?
Doctor: It should be OK within 24 hours, but we generally control it within 10 hours.
Investigator: Could you tell me whom should I contact with about it?
Doctor: You should contact the court department.
Investigator: Do you get them from other area or locally?
Doctor: We have both.
Investigator: So you have both out of town and local supplies?
Doctor: Yes.

(Recording 1. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf2)

Investigation Subject: Dr. Tan Yunshan, Director of Liver Pathology Department, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai

Investigation Date: February 8, 2015. Phone number: +86-13681972360

Summary of content:

Tan Yunshan: “All the livers that have been used in liver transplant operations performed now come from the ‘source.’ Of course, we know who the donors were, as to whether these donors were Falun Gong practitioners or not, that’s not our concern. As long as the organs meet our standard, we don’t care who the donors are.”

Investigator: “Do you know that Bai Shuzhong, the former Minister of PLA General Logistics Department of Health has confessed that Jiang Zemin had ordered the organ harvesting from living Falun Gong practitioners for transplants? So is every hospital doing surgeries under that policy?”

Tan Yunshan: “Yes, that’s right.” [23]

(Recording 2. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 32)

Tan Yunshan also told the investigator: All our livers are taken from the original source! Why is that? Since we extract the organs ourselves, we can make sure to get all the original information of all donors. If we entrust someone else to do it, they won’t be able to guarantee this, so we do ourselves to control this. Our hospital gets the vast majority of livers by ourselves.

(Recording 3. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 86) [24]

2. Short waiting time

Investigation Subject: Huang Xiaowu, liver transplant surgeon at Zhongshan Hospital[25]

Investigation Date: January 28, 2016. Phone number: +86-13701811021

Summary: We do a lot (of organ transplants). In the case of blood type B, it can be done after waiting for 1 to 2 months. We have performed a dozen (surgeries) this year.

(Download Audio 5 MP3. Transcript Download: pdf5)

3. Transplantation as usual during pandemic period

Investigation Subject: Nurse in the hepatic surgery ward of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University[26]

Investigation Date: April 2, 2020. Phone number: +86 21-64041990

Summary of content.

1. There are many hepatic surgery wards, and many of them can do liver transplantation.

2. Fan Jia is our Hospital President. (He also does liver transplant)

3. We are not affected by the epidemic. Transplant clinic is open.

4. You have no way to find a doctor (now), the doctors have gone to surgery.

(Audio 6 download: MP3, manuscript download: pdf025)

V. The official website is not updated and the data has been tampered with.

Since 2005, the webpage of the organ transplantation center stopped updating and revising the data, then deleted the whole webpage

1. From 2005 until July 24, 2014, the webpage of the hospital introduction was not changed[27] with the same statement "Zhongshan Hospital has completed nearly 1,000 cases of kidney transplants and more than 200 cases of liver transplants. The number of organ transplants is increasing rapidly every year. [28]"

2. In September 2007, Zhongshan Hospital Journal, the hospital newspaper’s 70 Anniversary special issue, mentioned that kidney transplant had reached over 2,000 cases.[29] But in July 2014, it changed to "the number of kidney transplant in Zhongshan Hospital already exceed 1,000 cases now.” [30] How could the kidney transplants decrease?
http://transplantation.com.cn/About.Asp， Not Found.

3. After July 2014, this hospital directly deleted the whole website of organ transplantation center. If you input http://transplantation.com.cn/About.Asp for search, it shows "Not Found."

VI. The hospital is suspected of killing living people

According to the research paper titled as “Long-term results of 298 cases of orthotropic heart transplantations: a single center experience” which was published on Chinese J Transplant, May 2011, Vol 5 No 2. Pages 10-14 by Yang Shouguo etc. from Organ Transplantation Center of Fudan University, on Section 1.2 Donors’ information and preservation of donors’ hearts:

From May 2000 to April 2011, “there were 298 cases of orthotropic heart transplantations carried out. 291 donor hearts were from cadavers, 7 hearts were from brain-dead donors. Donors were aged 18 to 45-years-old. Average age is 26.8(±4.5). 283 were males and 15 females. All “donors” had no obvious history of cardiovascular diseases or other major organ diseases. The procuring methods of the hearts were the same as previously reported. Among these 298 cases, after 2007, 60 hearts were extracted when the donors had ventricular fibrillation or after the heart stopped beating, and the rest were extracted while the heart was still beating. [31]”

The authors indicated here that at least 231 healthy young people, while not brain dead and with their heart still beating, were put on hospital beds, and killed for their hearts.

On March 7, 2012, an article on qq.com quoted Huang Jiefu, "Organ shortage is the bottleneck for the development of our country's organ transplantation industry. Due to the lack of voluntary donations from citizens, organs from executed prisoners have become the main source of organ transplants. [32]" Huang Jiefu said in an interview with CCTV in July 2018 that the quality of the organs of executed prisoners is poor. The requirements for organ sources are very strict, and such organs cannot be obtained on the execution ground[33]. Medical papers show that the quality of donor organs far exceeds that of executed prisoners, indicating that there are other sources of healthy donors.

The medical papers have the following descriptions: "None have a clear history of cardiovascular disease or other major organ diseases," "60 donor hearts were harvested in ventricular fibrillation or cardiac arrest, and the rest were harvested while the heart was still beating." These statements show that the quality of donor organs far exceeds that of executed prisoners, and the source of donors is dubious. Moreover, the article stated that 291 cases were hearts provided by cadavers, but most of them were obtained while the hearts were still beating, which also does not meet the situation of cadaveric donors.

VII. List of Main responsible persons

FDDX-ZS001 Fan Jia, Male. Date of Birth: March 1958. Member of the Chinese Communist Party. Place of birth: Kunshan, Jiangsu province. [34]

Personal profile: President of Zhongshan Hospital, Director of Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Executive Vice President of Fudan University Liver Cancer Institute, Director of Fudan University Organ Transplantation Center, deputy Director of Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Director of Shanghai Liver Tumor Clinical Medical Center. Served as a member of the Discipline Review Group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council, a director of the Oncology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, a director of the Liver Cancer Committee of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, a member of the Hepatology Group of the Chinese Society of Surgery, a vice chairman of the Shanghai Anti-Cancer Association, and a vice chairman of the Oncology Branch of the Shanghai Medical Association.

Fan Jia graduated from Nantong Medical College in 1983; became the member of the Chinese Communist Party in 1987; received his master's degree from Nanjing Railway Medical College in 1988; received his MD degree from Shanghai Medical University in 1995.

From 1999 to 2000, he went to the University of Pittsburgh Transplant Center as a senior visiting scholar to conduct clinical research in liver transplantation and liver surgery[35].

He works 80 hours per week and performs more than 500 surgeries per year. Over the past 20 years, he has performed more than 7,000 difficult liver cancer surgeries and more than 1,300 liver transplant surgeries. [36] In recent years, he has successfully performed more than 1340 liver transplants. [37]

Specialized in liver tumor diagnosis and treatment, liver transplantation. He has long been in charge of the hospital's medical, scientific research and information work.

FDDX-ZS002 Zhou Jian, Male. Date of birth: 1967.

Personal profile: Chief Surgeon, Professor. He is currently the Deputy Director of Liver Surgery at Zhongshan Hospital and Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University, Deputy Head of Liver Transplantation Group, Secretary of Shanghai Liver Tumor Clinical Medical Center, and Secretary General of Collaborative Center of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University and Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA.

He graduated from the former Shanghai Medical University (now Fudan University) in 1991. He studied for his PhD in 1997 under the supervision of world-renowned oncology authority Dr. Tang Zhaoyou and received his PhD in 2001. He was promoted by exception to professor and doctoral supervisor in 2006.

In 2001, he went to the United States to study basic and clinical research in liver transplantation and hepatic surgery. He has attended many liver transplantation and hepatic surgery surgeries by famous professors from the United States, Germany, Hong Kong and Taiwan to learn the advanced experience from the world's top colleagues. [38]

As of June 2022, nearly 3,000 liver transplants have been completed. [39]

FDDX-ZS003 Qiu Shuangjian, Male. Date of birth: 1968.

Personal profile: Chief Surgeon, Professor, Deputy Director of Liver Tumor Surgery

From 1999 to 2000, he went to the University of Pittsburgh Organ Transplantation Center to conduct basic and clinical research on liver transplantation and immunotherapy and gene therapy for liver cancer. In September 2001, he visited the Liver Transplantation Center of the Queen Mary Hospital of the University of Hong Kong for an exchange program.

As a key member of the liver transplantation team at Zhongshan Hospital, he has participated in most of the liver transplants performed at Zhongshan Hospital, including 500 cases in which he was the surgeon. [40]

Specializes in liver transplantation.

FDDX-ZS004 Wang Lu, Male. Date of birth: October 1968.

Personal profile: Chief surgeon of liver tumor surgery, Associate professor.

In 2002, as a "Clinical Associate Surgeon", he went to work in the Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery at Queen Mary Hospital of the University of Hong Kong Medical Center, one of the world's living donor liver transplant centers. He participated in operations such as donor liver extraction, liver planting, and the second time liver transplantation.

Participated in more than 40 cases of liver transplant operations. [41]

Personal profile: Associate Chief Surgeon and Associate Professor of Liver Tumor Surgery.

In 2002, he graduated from the Department of Hepatobiliary Minimally Invasive Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, and in 2005, he graduated from the Department of Liver Tumor Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, under the tutelage of Professor Fan Jia.

He has participated in and accumulated more than 500 cases of liver transplantation experience since 2002. [42]

Specializes in liver transplantation.

FDDX-ZS006 Shi Yinghong, Male.

Personal profile: Associate Chief Surgeon and Associate Professor of Liver Cancer Surgery.

In May 2005, he went to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center to conduct research on tumor cell death and liver cancer metastasis and obtained a series of research results. In 2007, he performed clinical and basic research on living donor liver transplantation at the Liver Transplant Center of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Mainly involved in more than 400 cases of liver transplantation and more than 30 cases of living donor liver transplantation, including the first adult-adult right-half-liver living donor liver transplantation in Shanghai, adult-child living donor liver transplantation, and the first adult liver-heart combined transplantation in Asia. [43]

FDDX-ZS007 Wang Xiaoying, Male.

Personal profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Liver Cancer Surgery

Specializes in liver transplantation. [44]

FDDX-ZS008 Huang Xiaowu, Male. Date of birth: 1971.

Personal profile: Chief surgeon of liver tumor surgery.

After graduating from the Department of Medicine of Shanghai Medical University (now Fudan University Shanghai Medical College) in 1994, he stayed at the school and worked in the Department of Liver Surgery of Zhongshan Hospital. In 1999, he studied under the academician Tang Zhaoyou, an internationally renowned liver cancer authority, for a doctorate degree in surgery.

In 2002, he went to the University of Michigan Medical School Cancer Center to study for more than one year. Participated in or performed nearly a thousand cases of liver transplants and served as the leader of the liver transplantation ward. Zhongshan Hospital has completed large number of liver transplants with extensive difficulty. [45]

Capable of performing liver transplantation.

FDDX-ZS009 He Yifeng, Male.

Personal profile: Attending surgeon of liver tumor surgery

Specializes in perioperative treatment of liver transplantation. [46]

FDDX-ZS010 Sun Jian, Male.

Personal profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Liver Tumor Surgery

Specializes in liver transplantation. [47]

FDDX-ZS011 Xu Yang, Male.

Personal profile: Associate Chief Surgeon, Associate Professor.

In 2001, he went to the Liver Transplant Center of Queen Mary Hospital of the University of Hong Kong to engage in liver transplantation and liver cancer clinical and basic research.

Mainly engaged in liver surgery and liver transplantation. Participated in more than 300 cases of liver transplant. [48]

Specializes in liver transplantation.

FDDX-ZS012 Shen Zaozuo, Male.

Personal profile: Attending surgeon of liver cancer surgery

Specializes in liver transplantation. [49]

FDDX-ZS013 Shi Guoming, Male.

Personal profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Liver Cancer Surgery

Specializes in liver transplantation. [50]

FDDX-ZS014 Wang Zheng, Male.

Personal profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Liver Cancer Surgery

Specializes in liver transplantation. [51]

FDDX-ZS015 Sun Qiman, Male.

Personal profile: Attending surgeon of liver cancer surgery

Specializes in liver transplantation. [52]

FDDX-ZS016 Xiao Yongsheng, Male.

Personal profile: Liver Cancer surgery

Specializes in liver transplantation. [53]

FDDX-ZS017 Zhu Tongyu, Male. Date of birth: 1966.

Personal profile: Chief Surgeon of Urology, Doctor of Medicine, PhD supervisor. Deputy Dean of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University and Dean of Qingpu Branch, Director of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation. Specializes in kidney transplantation. Currently serving as a member of the Chinese Medical Association Organ Transplant Branch and deputy head of the Kidney Transplantation Group, and a deputy chairman of the Shanghai Medical Association Organ Transplant Branch.

Graduated from Qingdao Medical College with a major in clinical medicine in 1989 and graduated from the Graduate School of Shanghai Medical University in 1994 with a doctorate degree in surgery. From 1999 to 2000, he was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Hong Kong School of Medicine.

Engaged in kidney transplantation for more than 20 years. [54]For many years, he has mainly engaged in clinical and basic research in urology and kidney transplantation. [55]

FDDX-ZS018 Rong Ruiming, Male. Date of birth: 1969.

Personal profile: Associate Chief Surgeon and Associate Professor of Urology.

Graduated from the former Department of Medicine of Shanghai Medical University in July 1993 and received his doctorate degree from Graduate School of former Shanghai Medical University in 2000.

Mainly engaged in the clinical and basic research and operation of kidney transplantation, the treatment of complications such as postoperative rejection and infection, and the adjustment of immunosuppressive drugs. [56]

FDDX-ZS019 Lin Zongming, Male. Date of birth: 1957.

Personal profile: chief surgeon and professor of urology. Currently served as the deputy director of the Institute of Urology, Fudan University, deputy director of the Department of Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University.

Graduated from Shanghai Medical University with a bachelor's degree in 1985, received a master's degree from Shanghai Medical University in 1995, and graduated from Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University with a doctorate in 2001.

Further studied at the University of Montreal, Canada, and was engaged in organ transplantation models from June 1996 to September 1997.

Capable of performing kidney transplantation. Major research direction: kidney transplantation. [57]

FDDX-ZS020 Xu Ming, Male. Date of birth: 1968.

Personal profile: Associate Chief Surgeon and Associate Professor of Urology.

Graduated from the former Department of Medicine of Shanghai Medical University in July 1992, graduated from the former Graduate School of Shanghai Medical University in 1997, and has been working in the Department of Urology in Zhongshan Hospital since 1997.

Independently completed major operations such as allogeneic kidney transplantation. [58]

FDDX-ZS021 Sun Li-An, Male. Date of birth: 1963.

Personal Profile: Associate Professor of Urology.

Graduated from Shanghai Medical University in 1987 with a degree in clinical medicine. Further studied intracavitary urology at the Minimally Invasive Surgery Center of the First Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College from April to June 1998.

From November 2002 to March 2003, studied laparoscopic techniques at the University of California, Los Angeles, USA.

Capable of performing kidney transplantation. [59]

FDDX-ZS022 Guo Jianming, Male. Date of birth: 1967.

Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon of Urology, Professor.

Graduated from Shanghai Medical University with a doctorate degree in medicine, supervised by Prof. Zhang Yongkang and Prof. Wang Guomin. He has been engaged in clinical Urology of Zhongshan Hospital since then, and successively served as a resident, attending surgeon and associate chief surgeon in urology.

Capable to performing major surgeries such as kidney transplantation. [60]

FDDX-ZS023 Zhang Li, Male. Date of birth: 1964.

Personal Profile: Associate Professor of Urology.

Graduated from the former Shanghai Medical University Medical Department in June 1988, has been working in the urology department of Zhongshan Hospital since graduation.

Capable of performing common urological procedures independently, including allogeneic kidney transplantation and extensive urological procedures. [61]

FDDX-ZS024 Xu Zhibing, Male. Date of birth: 1971.

Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Urology, Associate Professor.

Graduated from clinical medicine of Shanghai Medical University in 1994 and received his MD degree from Fudan University in 2001.

Further studied in Singapore Central Hospital Urology Center in 2004.

Capable of perform major surgeries such as kidney transplantation. [62]

FDDX-ZS025 Jiang Jingen, Male.

Personal Profile: Professor of Nephrology. Director of the Department of Science and Education.

Graduated from the Department of Medicine of Fudan University Medical College (formerly Shanghai First Medical College, later Shanghai Medical University) in 1969. After graduation, he stayed to work in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Medical College (formerly Shanghai Medical University) till now. He is a mentor for master's students. Served as a manager for internal medicine of kidney transplantation since 1988.

He has been working in nephrology, especially in charge of renal transplantation for 12 years, and he does daily checkups and has treated about 400 renal transplant patients. [63]

FDDX-ZS026 Zheng Ruheng, Male. Date of birth: July 1952.

Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon of Thoracic Surgery, Professor.

Graduated from Shanghai Medical University in 1978.

In 2004, he went to Washington University Barnes Jewish Hospital (National Lung Transplant Center) for further study.

He has served as Deputy Director of Thoracic Surgery (presided over the work) and head of the lung transplantation team at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University.

He led the lung transplant team and completed the first lung transplant in September 2004. [64]

FDDX-ZS027 Tan Lijie, Male.

Personal Profile: Deputy Director of Thoracic Surgery, Chief Surgeon.

Graduated from the Department of Medicine of the former Shanghai Medical University in 1993 and received his PhD degree in 2001.

In 2003, he went to Washington University Medical Center Barnes-Jewish Hospital to study lung transplantation and new techniques in thoracic surgery under the supervision of renowned thoracic surgeons JD Cooper and Prof. GA Patterson.

After returning to China in 2004, as the main operator, he completed the first lung transplant in Fudan University. [65]

FDDX-ZS028 Fan Hong, Male. Member of the Chinese Communist Party.

Personal Profile: Deputy Chief Surgeon of Thoracic Surgery, Associate Professor.

Graduated from Department of Medicine of the former Shanghai Medical University in 1993 and practiced clinical work in the Thoracic Surgery of the Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, where he was promoted to Attending Surgeon in 1998 and to Associate Chief of Thoracic Surgery in 2007. He was awarded as an Excellent Member Communist Party of Zhongshan Hospital in 2008.

In 2007, as a visiting scholar he went to Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Harvard Medical School, USA, under the supervision of Professor Douglas J. Mathisen, a famous thoracic surgeon.

As one of the main members, he participated in the first lung transplant in Zhongshan Hospital. [66]

FDDX-ZS029 Ge Di, Male.

Personal Profile: Deputy Director of Thoracic Surgery, Chief Surgeon

In 2004, he studied lung transplantation and other clinical work in thoracic surgery under the supervision of Professor Patterson, a renowned lung transplant specialist at Thoracic Surgery of Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Medical Center of University of Washington, USA.

In recent years, he started to carry out clinical work in lung transplantation. [67]

FDDX-ZS030 Xu Zhenglang, Male.

Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Thoracic Surgery.

Currently conducting research work in lung transplantation. [68]

FDDX-ZS031 Jiang Wei, Male. Date of Birth: October 29, 1974.

Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Thoracic Surgery

Graduated from Shanghai Medical University in 1993 and has been working in the Department of Thoracic Surgery at Zhongshan Hospital since 2000, after graduation with master’s degree.

Involved in preliminary research on lung transplantation and participated clinical work since then. [69]

FDDX-ZS032 Wang Chunsheng, Male. Date of birth: 1964.

Personal Profile: Director of Cardiac Surgery, Deputy Director of Fudan University Organ Transplant Center, Deputy Director of Shanghai Medical Association Organ Transplant Branch. Specialist of the Clinical Application Committee of Human Organ Transplantation Technology of the Ministry of Health. Served as the editorial board of several authoritative journals including Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation.

Further studied in the University of Minnesota, USA from 1994 to 1995. Prof. Wang Chunsheng is the most famous heart transplantation expert in China and the lead developer of the technical specification and access system of heart transplantation in China.

Completed more than 250 cases of heart transplants, which is the number 1 in China. Currently, he carries out 30 to 40 cases of heart transplants per year. [70]

FDDX-ZS033 Hu Kejian, Male.

Personal Profile: Deputy Chief Technologist of Cardiac Surgery

Participated in completing 50 cases of heart transplants and 9 cases of liver transplants. [71]

FDDX-ZS034 Wang Yuqi, Male. Date of birth: 1947. Member of the Chinese Communist Party.

Personal Profile: Director of Institute of Vascular Surgery, Professor. Director of the Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital.

Graduated from China (Union) Medical University in 1970, post-graduated from Shanghai First Medical College with a master's degree in 1982. Served as Vice President and Executive Vice President of Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University.

From 1986 to 1989, further studied in Vascular Surgery at Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Australia.

Managed and participated in heart transplantation and liver transplantation. [72]

FDDX-ZS035 Chen Hao, Male.

Personal Profile: Chief Surgeon of Cardiac Surgery, Associate Professor.

Graduated from the Department of Medicine of Shanghai Medical University in 1989. After graduation, he has been practicing clinical work in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital and Shanghai Cardiovascular Institute, successively served as a resident, attending surgeon and associate chief surgeon of cardiac surgery.

In the first half of 1998, sponsored by Sun Yat-sen Hospital, went to University of Mississippi Medical Center and Starr -Wood Heart Surgery Center in the United States, where he mainly studied heart transplantation and coronary artery bypass surgery.

Has completed 70 cases of heart transplants and 2 cases of heart-lung surgeries. [73]

Mainly specializes in perioperative management of heart transplantation.

FDDX-ZS036 Yang Shouguo, Male. Date of birth: February 1976.

Personal Profile: Associate Chief Surgeon of Cardiac Surgery

Graduated from Shanghai Medical University with a master's degree in clinical medicine in 2000, received a doctorate degree in surgery from Fudan University in 2012. Served as an attending surgeon in cardiac surgery from 2004 to 2011, and as an associate chief surgeon in cardiac surgery from 2011 to present.

From September 2006 to September 2007, as a postdoctoral fellow in cardiac surgery at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, USA, conducted research on heart transplantation.

Specializes in heart transplantation for advanced heart disease. [74]

Reference

[1]Website of World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong. September 11, 2013. Collection of Evidence of Live Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party.

http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241 (English version)

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/46728#_Toc366574832 (Chinese version)

[2]Annex 1: the list of the hospitals that have passed the examination of board of clinic application of human organs transplant technology of the Ministry of Health. (2007, Aug. 6). the Notice of Ministry of Health on carrying out correctly the registration of clinic subjects of human organs transplantation. Website of National Health and Family Planning Commission. Retrieved from http://www.moh.gov.cn/mohyzs/s3585/200804/18974.shtml

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/400.png

[3]Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. Retrieved from http://www.91985.com/jibing/xiaochuan/yiyuan.asp?id=116

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/45.png

[4]Qin Sicui. (Dec. 9, 2003). Zhongshan Hospital Joins Hands with The Biggest Organ Transplantation Organization in the World, The Organ Transplantation Reaching A New Level, Retrieved from http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-12-09/08301293869s.shtml

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/46.png

[5]Qin Xinyu, Qin Jing, Jin Yaping, Rong Zhaijun. (Aug. 2006). Knowledge and Practice of the Management of Medical Security. China’s Hospital. Vol. 10, No. 08. Retrieved from http://metrc.smu.edu.cn:81/userfiles/files/SpecialistLibrary/FudanUnive…

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/405.pdf

[6] Introduction of Organ Transplant Center, Fudan University. Retrieved from http://web.archive.org/web/20070706201059/http://www.transplantation.co…

[7]Anniversary Special Edition, (Sep. 22, 2007). Fudan University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital. Zhongshan Hospital News Paper. Vol. 184. Retrieved from http://www.zs-hospital.sh.cn/newseveryday/zs_yb/2007-14/1.pdf

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/407.pdf

[8] WOIPFG Releases the list of medical personnel suspected of organ harvesting from live Falun Gong practitioners in non-military medical institutions in Shanghai. December 22, 2014.

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/45769#_Toc404902982

[9]Website, "Guide to Chinese Famous Doctors" Brief Introduction of Fan Jia

Retrieved from http://www.top10dr.com/mingyi/201205/infos113.html

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/589.pdf

[10]Website, news.sina.com, "Fan Jia: The Director of Liver Surgery with Mystery" under the column of "People" Magazine. October 21, 2005.

http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2005-10-21/12228075581.shtml (not accessible)

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/590.png

[11]Website, wenku.baidu.com, Liver Cancer Specialists.

http://wenku.baidu.com/view/2028015f3b3567ec102d8a63.html

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/591.pdf

[12]2012 My Favorite Health Guardian polls.

Retrieved from http://news.fudan.edu.cn/announce/?announceid=441

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/592.pdf

[13] Zhongshan Hospital Newspaper: "Only by putting patients first can he be an excellent 'Health Guardian’". Interview with Professor Fan Jia, the winner of the 2012 National Top Ten "My Favorite Health Guardian".

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2015/59389_595.p…

[14]University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Zhou Jian, supervisor of master and doctoral students, release time: 2022-06-16

https://archive.vn/77d9t

[15]Website, baby.sina.com.cn, Profile of Huang Xiaowu.

http://qiuyi.baby.sina.com.cn/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLBTWZXlFq-tVG1BZ1.htm

[16]Website, baby.sina.com.cn, Personal Profile of Qiu Shuangjian. http://qiuyi.baby.sina.com.cn/doctor/DE4r08xQdKSLBTYVRCI6Imj3t-5V.htm

[17]Website, haodf.com (Good Doctors Online), Profile of Huang Cheng. http://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r0Fy0C9LuSRVx7bru6w7rGNzFx56fU.htm

[18]Website, baby.sina.com.cn, Profile of Shi Yinghong.

http://qiuyi.baby.sina.com.cn/doctor/DE4r0BCkuHzdFg0x2p3cdu-554j7S.htm

[19] Introduction of Organ Transplantation Center, Fudan University.

Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20070706201059/http://www.transplantation.com.cn/About.Asp

[20] 70 Anniversary special issue, the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. (Sep. 22, 2007). Zhongshan Hospital News. Retrieved from http://www.zs-hospital.sh.cn/newseveryday/zs_yb/2007-14/1.pdf

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/407.pdf

[21]Website, "Fudan University Organ Transplant Center", Introduction

http://www.transplantation.com.cn/Kidney.Asp

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/588.png

[22]Website of World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong. September 11, 2013. Collection of Evidence of Live Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners by the Chinese Communist Party.

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/46728#_Toc366574832(Chinese version)
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/241 (English version)

[23]WOIPFG. “World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong (WOIPFG) Report: The Chinese Communist Regime Continues Its Campaign of Forced Organ Harvesting from Living Falun Gong Practitioners”. November 27, 2015.

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/50795 (Chinese)
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/330 (English)

[24]WOIPFG. “World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong (WOIPFG) Report: The Chinese Communist Regime Continues Its Campaign of Forced Organ Harvesting from Living Falun Gong Practitioners”. November 27, 2015.

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/50795 (Chinese)
http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/330 (English)

[25]Website of World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong. July 15, 2016. WOIPFG’s Latest Investigation Results: in the Name of “Organ Donation”, CCP Continues to Harvest Organs from a Large Number of Living Falun Gong Practitioners.

https://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/67047 (Chinese Version)

http://www.upholdjustice.org/node/358 (English Version)

[26] Website of World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong. July 20, 2020. An Overview of WOIPFG Investigation into the Current Status of the CCP's Live Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioners in the First Half of 2020.

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/128615

[27]Website, "Fudan University Organ Transplant Center", Introduction

https://web.archive.org/web/20140724131209/http://transplantation.com.c…

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/406.png

[28]Website, "Fudan University Organ Transplant Center", Introduction

https://web.archive.org/web/20070706201059/http://www.transplantation.com.cn/About.Asp

[29] 70 Anniversary special issue, the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. (Sep. 22, 2007). Zhongshan Hospital News. Retrieved from http://www.zs-hospital.sh.cn/newseveryday/zs_yb/2007-14/1.pdf

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/407.pdf

[30] Kidney Transplant Department, Organ Transplantation Center of Fudan University.

Retrieved from http://www.transplantation.com.cn/Kidney.Asp

WOIPFG Archived Link:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/587.png

[31]Yang Shouguo, Wang Chunsheng, Chen Hao, Hong Tao, Hu Kejian, Zhuang Yamin, Lin Yi and Yang Zhaohua, “Long-term results of 298 cases of orthotropic heart transplantations: a single center experience”. Chinese J Transplantation (Electronic Version) May 2011, Vol 5 No 2. Pages 10-14. (Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University Organ Transplantation Center, Shanghai, 200032, China).

WOIPFG Archived Link:
http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/79.pdf

[32]qq.com, March 7, 2012, “Deputy Minister of Health: Death row prisoners are the main source of organ transplantation in our country”

http://news.qq.com/a/20120307/001217.htm

http://web.archive.org/web/20180408233817/http://news.qq.com/a/20120307…

[33] Face to face, “Huang Jiefu: Reverence for life”

CCTV News App, July 16, 2018

http://archive.is/4iusB

[34]Website, www.baike.baidu.com, Profile of Fan Jia.

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%A8%8A%E5%98%89/5496737

https://archive.is/wip/Qg8DS

[35]Website of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Liver Surgery Specialist: Fan Jia

http://www.zs-hospital.sh.cn/zhuanjia/detail.aspx?id=10774