WOIPFG’s Investigative Report on the Alleged Organ Harvesting of Living Falun Gong Practitioners at Renji Hospital (affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine) and Its Staff Members Suspected of Participation

Feb 12, 2023

Preface

Renji Hospital is China’s first-class Grade A general medical institution affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University[1]. It is designated by the CCP’s ministry of health as the medical center dedicated to liver and kidney transplantation[2]. According to the hospital, since 2011, the number of liver transplant operations has ranked first in the country for 11 consecutive years, and the number of liver transplants performed in children has ranked first in the world for 9 consecutive years. [3] As of October 2022, the hospital had completed 3,000 children's liver transplants. [4]The hospital, with its strong professional staff, large number of patients and beds, and high turnover rates. Telephone investigations showed that the hospital admits that it still uses organs from Falun Gong practitioners, and takes organs directly from the source of the army; the waiting time for transplants is short; the hospital has a large number of transplants, far exceeding the number of organs donated in Shanghai.

I. General Introduction

Renjin Hospital, with four compounds and Shanghai Tumor Institute, has a staff of 2511 (South Compound not included) as of the end of 2013, among whom 328 are senior experts at full or associate professor level, 57 are PhD tutors, 148 are Master’s tutors[5].

II. Large amount of transplant

According to the hospital, since 2011, the number of liver transplant operations has ranked first in the country for 11 consecutive years, and the number of liver transplants performed in children has ranked first in the world for 9 consecutive years

In Apr. , 2015, the news web of Shanghai Jiaotong University claimed that the annual hepatobiliary Surgery at Renji hospital led Shanghai for 8 years, topped the nation for 4 years since 2011, and the number of liver transplant surgery for children ranked 1st in the world for 4 years.[6] According to Phoenix Web’s report, the hepatobiliary surgery department of Renji Hospital is the largest medical center for liver transplant surgery in the nation in terms of the numbers of surgery and patient visits.[7]

Figure 1 Snapshot of Shanghai Jiaotong University's News Net

On Apr. 3, 2015, Xinhua Net carried an article from Jiefang Daily, claiming too that the hepatobiliary surgery department of Renji Hospital ranked 1st in the annual number of liver transplant surgeries in China for 4 consecutive years.[8]

Additionally, it was reported that the yearly incremental increase of surgeries at Renji Hospital is making it the largest domestic liver transplantation center, surpassing the organ transplantation center at the First Central Hospital of Tianjin, which, according to public data, performed d nearly 10,000 liver transplant surgeries in 2014.[9]

According to the report on the hospital's official website, as of November 2021, more than 6,100 liver transplants have been performed, and the number of liver transplants has ranked first in the country for ten consecutive years. In 2006, the first professional pediatric liver transplantation team in China was founded, consisting of transplant surgery, pediatric internal and surgical medicine, pediatric anesthesia and intensive care, and more than 2,700 cases of pediatric liver transplantation were conducted. The hospital conducted the largest number of pediatric liver transplants in the world in the recent eight years. [10]

According to Xinhuanet, as of November 2022, the number of liver transplants performed by liver surgery ranks first in the country for 11 consecutive years, and the number of pediatric liver transplants performed in a single center ranks first in the world for 9 consecutive years. [11]

According to People.com , Shanghai Renji Hospital took the lead in forming the first professional committee for children's organ transplantation in China. The hospital went from the first child liver transplant in October 2006 to the 1,000th in August 2017, to the 2,000th in October 2019, and to the 3,000th in October 2022. It took eleven years for the first 1,000 liver transplants for children, and only three years for the third 1,000 cases! [12]

III. A Strong team of liver transplant surgeons and large number of surgeries performed

WOIPFG published a list of transplant surgeons at this hospital in 2014.There are 24 transplant doctors that can be found on the official website and research papers who have been confirmed to have performed transplant surgeries. These surgeons include 2 doctors at director level, 3 at deputy director level, and 12 attending surgeons. Many doctors have performed large numbers of transplant surgeries and are able to put together multiple liver transplantation teams.

Xiaqiang, a doctor at director level and professor, is the director of the Organ Transplantation Center at Renji Hospital .[13] According to a report from Remin Web on Jun. 2006, “As to how many liver transplant surgeries have been performed, even Xia Qiang couldn't figure it out himself. He only remembered his own highest record: 6 liver transplant surgeries in a single day.”[14]

Figure 2 Snapshot of the June 2006 Renmin Web article

In addition to Xiaqiang, many other doctors at Renji Hospital have also performed large numbers of transplant surgeries, which can be seen in a report of February 1, 2016 on Shanghai Transplantation Net. The examples are as follows:

Zhang Jianjun, doctor at director level at the department of liver surgery of Renji Hospital, completed nearly 1,000 cases of liver transplantation and second liver transplantation, and hundreds of cases of live liver transplantation for infants and children.[15]

Xu Ning, doctor at director level at the department of liver surgery of Renji Hospital, has started to work in the clinical and research fields on liver transplantation and pancreas transplantation since 2001.He performs more than 130 liver transplant surgeries per year, assists more than 10 provincial hospitals with their liver transplant surgeries[16], and participates in more than 1,000 cases of liver transplants.[17]

Li Qigen, doctor at director level at the department of liver surgery of Renji Hospital, performed over 1,000 cases of liver transplant and hundreds of cases of live liver transplant, and more than 150 cases of liver transplant for infants and children.[18]

Han Longzhi, doctor at director level at the department of liver surgery of Renji Hospital,performed more than 500 cases of adult liver transplant surgeries and more than 150 cases of live liver transplantation for infants and children.[19]

Xing Tianyu, doctor at director level at the department of liver surgery of Renji Hospital, has been involved as of now in the completion of more than 500 cases of liver transplantation.[20]

Shen Conghuan, doctor at director level at the department of liver surgery of Renji Hospital,,has engaged in liver transplant at the organ transplant center since Oct. 2004[21] and has participated in more than 500 cases of liver transplants along with 100 cases of liver transplants for infants and children.[22]

Lu Tianfei, resident doctor at the liver transplant center of Renji Hospital, started working at the center in July 2006[23] and has participated in more than 500 cases of liver transplants so far.[24]

IV. Doctors’ erratic schedules reveal large numbers of transplant surgeries

The transplant surgeons were overwhelmed with work, with almost no days off. They seemed to be busy all the time, as can be revealed from media reports and doctors’ accounts. Prof. Xia Qiang said, “I adopted a military style management for my team. Every health care professional must have his cell phone on 24 hours a day, as liver transplant surgery requires that they go out to retrieve the donor organ at any time, and must be prepared to operate . Our doctors are on call all the time.” One doctor who was responsible for harvesting donated livers had logged over 60,000 kilometers in the air over 3 months. What frequently occurred was “on his way to exit the airport, the person was instructed to transfer to a flight for another place.”[25]

“Inside the Renji Hospital, there are two big rooms full of kids waiting painstakingly for a liver donor. 60% of pediatric patients with biliary atresia waiting for liver donation in the entire country are gathered here. Because of large volumes of operations, the Renji Liver Transplant Center was immediately notified once a liver source is identified around the country. Therefore, doctors here must make sure their cell phones are on 24 hours a day, and be ready to travel for organ harvesting anytime, anywhere.”[26]

An article published in 2013, “Non-Stop Liver Transplant Surgeries in Renji Hospital Made Doctors Unable to Leave through the Night”, said, “This summer, Professor Xia Qiang at Renji Hospital’s Organ Transplant Center has been extremely busy. Operations were scheduled one after another, and he wasn’t able to leave the hospital throughout the night. The annually increasing volume of surgeries is making Renji Hospital the nation’s largest liver transplant center.”[27]

Figure 3 Snapshot of August 2013 Sina Shanghai article

Qiu Feng, doctor at deputy director level with Urology Surgery Division of Renji Hospital, and deputy Minister of the Medical Department said, “I need to perform 6 kidney transplant surgeries in a row, started from 4pm to 6 am the next morning. After about one hour's sleep, the rounds followed. This is not the highest record, my highest record was working four days and nights without sleep, performing surgery at night and seeing patients during daytime, because there’s no time to lose in using the donor’s organ. Once a kidney became available, the transplant surgery must be performed immediately. And this is my job.[28]

V. The hospital’s infrastructure, number of beds, and high turnover rate, all indicate large number of transplant surgeries

Organ Transplantation Center of Renji Hospital has hundred-level laminar flow operating rooms and ten-thousand level laminar flow wards, which allows 6 liver transplant surgeries being performed at the same time.[29] The center maintains a professional website and forum on organ transplantation, Shanghai Transplantation Web, that has millions of hits in the nation.

Now let’s take a look at how the number of beds has grown at the center.

a) In October 2004, the number of beds for liver transplant patients grew to 23 from the previous 13. Xiaqiang said, “On the fourth day after I arrived at the Renji Hospital, I performed the first liver transplant surgery. In the week that follows, we successfully carried out 4 liver transplant surgeries.” The supervisors at the hospital witnessed Xia Qiang’s capability, as well as the potential of this young transplant team. They immediately made the decision to increase the number of beds at the liver transplant center from 13 to 23, during the “October 1st” holiday period.[30]

b) On June 28, 2007, according to the China Organ Transplant website, the number of beds for liver transplant patients reached 90.[31]

Figure 4 Snapshot of June 2007 China organ transplants web page

c) On December 25, 2015, the website of the medical college of Shanghai Jiaotong University reported that there were 110 hospital beds for liver transplants in 2014. “At present Renji Hospital has 3 inpatient areas, 110 hospital beds and more than 70 health care personnel. It has become the nation’s key clinical specialist center, , the key academic center under the nation’s ‘211 Project’, the National Clinical Pharmacology Institution, and the top clinical project of the Shanghai Health and Planning Commission. ”[32]

Figure 5 Snapshot of Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University web page

d) The patients at the urology division of Renji Hospital stay in the center for an average of about five days. Starting from July 2005 day-treatment patient wards were lunched, strict regulations were enforced, and 20 male urological conditions were determined as those for which the surgery would be performed during the day, as a result of which the patients’ hospitalization time was significantly reduced and most patients could be released from the hospital after one day’s stay. [33]

There were only 2000 beds even after four hospital branches were added, so many approaches were adopted to to speed up the bed turnover, including the "Day Surgery Center", which enabled the surgical patients to only "stay" 24-48 hours, increasing the turnover of beds substantially, and decreasing patient medical expenses by 10% - 30%.[34]

Figure 6 Snapshot of Eastday Web page

VI. Telephone investigations showed that the hospital admits that it still uses organs from Falun Gong practitioners, and takes organs directly from the source of the army; the waiting time for transplants is short; the hospital has a large number of transplants, far exceeding the number of organs donated in Shanghai.

1. Hospital admitted organs obtained directly from military and organs from Falun Gong still used

Up to Feb 7, 2015, the head nurse at liver transplantation unit of Renji Hospital had admitted that organs were sourced from the military.[35] Yet the military does not control the prisons and death row criminals. So this “source” were most likely from the live organs of the detained Falun Gong practitioners.[36]

On the phone record of an investigation by WOIPFG, the nurse on duty at liver transplantation unit of Renji Hospital said, “We get our organs directly from the source. We have many channels, they are all over the country, not just the places near us. We can use live organs. We take organs directly from living donors, so the quality is definitely ensured. When we go to take the organs, we examine the plasma, HID and blood type, which would all be determined at the scene. Then after we excise the organs, the patients would get ready. Before the livers arrive, the patients will already be in the operating room. We’ve always booked round-trip plane tickets.”

(Recording 1. Download: MP3; For recording transcript, please see pdf 85)

Later, on February 8, 2015, Tan Yunshan, chief Surgeon from the Liver Pathological Department at the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, told a WOIPFG investigator, “All the livers that have been used in liver transplant operations performed now come from the ‘source.’ Since we extract the organs ourselves, we can make sure all original data and condition. If we entrust someone else to do it, we won’t be able to guarantee this, so we do ourselves to control this. Our hospital gets most of livers like this and we exactly know whether this liver can be transplanted or not.[37]”

(Recording 2. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 86)

Investigation target: Hang Hualian, doctor at deputy director level with the division of Liver Transplantation at Shanghai Renji Hospital

Date: November 8, 2018 (+86-18616206806)

(Recording 3. Download: MP3; for recording transcript, please see pdf 9)

Excerpts

Hang Hualian: Come and see me tomorrow. I’ll try to get it done for you within one week.” Investigator: You are using Falun Gong (practitioner) donors now, right?” Hang Hualian: Yes, this is for sure.

Personal Profile: Member of the Transplant Surgery Technical Committee of the Organ Transplantation Surgeon Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, member of the Stem Cell and Tissue Transplantation Committee of the Organ Transplantation Surgeon Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, member of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Committee of the Cross-Strait Medical and Health Exchange Association, and the chief examiner of the National Examination for Licensed Doctors.[38]

2. Short waiting time for transplant surgery and emergency treatment

The Organ Transplant Center of Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University completed 8 emergency liver transplants in one year from September 2004 to October 2005 [39].

Kong Defu, liver transplant surgeon at Shanghai Renji Hospital

Investigation call made on March 18, 2017 (+86-18817667836)

Excerpts: As many as 700 cases were done in 2016. Over one hundred have been done this year. The patients here used to wait a very short period of time before they could get donor organs from prison. It’s no longer the case. Many organs were obtained from out of town. As soon as livers became available, they’d be sent over very quickly.

(Recording 4. Download MP3; For a complete recording transcript, please see pdf 144)

Hang Hualian, director of liver transplant division of Shanghai Renji Hospital

Investigation call made on March 25, 2017 (+86-18616206806)

Excerpts: For [Blood] Type B, if nothing unusual happens, it should be taken care of within two week. Almost invariably, we do two cases a day. Last year 521 cases were done, and this year about one hundred cases have been done so far. The quality of livers from death row prisoners cannot be guaranteed. We now mostly use organs from brain-dead patients.

(For recording 5, please download MP3; For a complete transcript pdf 62)

3. Transplant volume at the hospital far exceeds organ donations in Shanghai

1) Large amount of transplant

Telephone investigations showed that in 2016, more than 700 liver transplants were performed.

Investigation target: Kong Defu, doctor with liver transplant division of Shanghai Renji Hospital

Call made on March 18, 2017 at +86-18817667836

Excerpt: In 2016, the number of cases done could be 700.

(Recording 6. Download MP3. Please refer to pdf 144)[40].

Official reports: On December 29, 2017, Renji Hospital announced that in 2017, the number of its liver transplant surgeries exceeded 800, close to 100 more than that of 2016. On August 23, 2017, Xia Qiang’s team announced another figure: Renji Hospital’s Liver Transplant Center performed 1,000 cases of liver transplantation for children[41].

2) Official reports: numbers of organ donations in Shanghai

Table 1. Officially Reported Numbers of Donated Organs from 2013 to 2018

Year	Number of Organ Donations	Cumulative Number of Organ Donations
August 2013 to June 2016		The accumulated number of organ donations had exceeded 200 cases.[42]
2016	A total of 138 cases of human organ donation were completed in 2016.[43]
July 9, 2017	The 100th case of organ donation was made on this day in 2017.[44]
August 25, 2017		The accumulated number of organ donations reached 400.[45]
May 1, 2018	The 63rd case of organ donation was made on this day in 2018.[46]

3) Phone Investigation: Volume of organ donations in Shanghai

Table 2. Table of 2015-2018 volume of organ donations

Date

Year

Person talked to

Organization

Organ Donation Situation

December 17, 2015

2015

a staff member

the Red Cross Society of China, Shanghai Branch, Huangpu District

The work started only in the first half of last year. There was a document from above for this work, and it’s very difficult to get organ donations. As of now, there have been only five successful cases of organ donations in Shanghai.

(Recording 7. Download MP3; Transcript Download: Attachment pdf 190)

Figure 7. Comparison Graph of the Number of Voluntary Organ Donors in Shanghai as Reported in the Official Media and the Liver Transplant Volume in Renji Hospital in 2017

There are eight hospitals designated by the Ministry of Health to carry out liver transplants and seven hospitals designated by the Ministry of Health to carry out kidney transplants in Shanghai.

This is partial information on the organ transplant situation in only one of the hospitals designated by the Ministry of Health to carry out organ transplants in Shanghai, and its volume already far exceeds the officially published quantity of organ donations in the entire city.

4. Large volume of transplant surgeries at Renji as verified by other hospitals

Investigation subject: liver transplant surgeon with Changhai Hospital affiliated with the No.2 Military Medical University. Tel.: +86-2131161855

Investigation time: June 1, 2018

Excerpt: Last year over 100 liver transplant surgeries were performed and 500 to 600 kidney transplant surgeries performed. And today there will be two liver transplant surgeries and two kidney transplant surgeries. Liver donors can be found in 10 days or half a month. A liver transplant would cost one million yuan and a kidney transplant would cost 500,000 yuan. Where can you find a liver donor for 150,000 yuan? Liver and kidney donors would become available in ten days. Transplant surgeries are being done every day, there are many of them. We are doing far less than Renji.[47]

(Recording 8. Download: MP3; Transcript Download:pdf 141)

Investigation subject: Yang Han, liver transplant doctor with the Liver Transplant Department of the First Affiliated Hospital with Zhengzhou University

Investigation time: June 2, 2018 Tel.: +8637166279137

Excerpt: Organ donation costs about 350,000 yuan, surgery costs between 500,00 and 550,000 yuan all together. The organ donation fees are calculated by the Red Cross, the compensations to the donor’s family are figured out first, and then we are notified as how much we should charge you. With blood type A, it’s not easy; the waiting time is anywhere between two weeks and a month. The surgery can be done within one week. Transplant volume nationwide: Renji ranked first, Zhejiang University the second, we are the third, and the fourth may be Xiang Ya.

Tianjin First Central Hospital has the largest number of transplants in the country, but it has no data, because they have a data report that is not released, so there is no way to know how many (cases) it did conduct.

(Recording 9. Download: MP3; Transcript Download: pdf 80-2)

VII. Name list of doctors engaged in transplant surgeries

SHJT001 Xia Qiang
Gender: Male

Year of birth: 1978

Personal profile: director of organ transplantation center, doctor at director level, and professor; member of organ transplantation group, surgery branch of China Medical Society; member of organ transplantation group, Shanghai branch of China Medical Society; and member of the board of registration of liver transplantation.

Graduated from Anhui Medical University and got his Bachelor's degree in medicine in 1978; graduated from Fudan University and got his Ph.D in medicine in 1997; and from October 1999 to October 2000, studied and worked as a senior visiting scholar at Lagos University, Austria sponsored by the Austrian government.

Upon returning to China, he worked as doctor at deputy director level at the division of general surgery of the First People’s Hospital in Shanghai, deputy director at research office on surgery, deputy director at the research center on organ transplantation in Shanghai, associate professor at Fudan University, and tutor for Master’s degree students. In 2002 he was hired as an associate professor by the medical college of Shanghai Jiaotong University. And in 2003 he was promoted to be a doctor at director level. [48]

The transplantation center completed half of the liver transplantation from living donor for infants and children nationwide and two thirds of the liver transplantation from living donor for adults in Shanghai. Its liver transplantation volume led Shanghai for eight consecutive years and started leading the nation in 2011[49].

According to the official website, as of November 2021, Xia Qiang and his team had completed more than 6,100 liver transplants. [50] As of October 2022, the team had completed 3,000 children's liver transplants. [51] As of November 2022, the number of liver transplant operations had ranked first in the country for 11 consecutive years, and the number of liver transplants performed by a single center for children had ranked first in the world for 9 consecutive years. [52]

SHJT002 Zhang Ming,

Male

Personal profile: Doctor at deputy director level

He raduated in 1999 from the Second Military Medical University and got his Master’s degree in clinical medicine, and in 2002 he got his Ph.D in medicine. He was an attending doctor and lecturer at the military organ transplant research institute of Changzheng Hospital affiliated with the Second Military Medical University. Upon his discharge from the military in 2004, he became an attending doctor at deputy director level with the division of liver surgery of Renji Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University.

He mainly engaged in clinical and research work related to liver surgery and organ transplantation, as well as clinical liver and kidney transplantation, especially the liver transplantation for children and micro-surgery technology[53].

SHJT003 Zhang Jianjun,

Male

Personal profile: deputy director of the organ transplantation section, doctor at director level, professor, tutor for Ph.D candidates, and member of the transplantation and immunization branch of Shanghai Immunization Society[54].

In 1991 he graduated from the Medical University of China and got his Bachelor's degree. From 1991 to 1998 he was a surgeon and attending doctor at 150 Central Hospital of PLA. In 2001 he received training in liver transplantation at the division of transplant surgery of Tianjin No.1 Central Hospital, studying with Professor Shen Zhongyang. In July 2004 he got his Ph.D in medicine from the Second Military University[55].

He’s done nearly 1000 liver transplant surgeries and repeat liver transplant surgeries. He’s performed over 200 liver transplant surgeries with organs from living donors for infants and children.

SHJT004 Chen Xiaosong,

Male

Personal profile: Doctor at deputy director level

In 1996 he graduated from the Second Military Medical University and got his Bachelor’s degree. He got his Master’s degree in 1999 and worked in the division of infectious diseases, ICU for kidney transplant patients and ICU for liver transplant patients in Changzheng Hospital.

His main field of research is the rescuing of transplant patients in critical condition. As of August 2004, he engaged in rescuing work in 192 liver transplant surgeries and over 200 kidney transplant surgeries[56].

SHJT005 Xu Ning,

Male

Personal profile: Doctor at deputy director level in the division of liver and gallbladder surgery, associate professor

He graduated from Shanghai Medical College affiliated with Fudan University. He started engaging in liver transplantation, clinical, research, and teaching work in the division of liver and gallbladder surgery in 2001.

He worked as a visiting scholar at the National Cancer Center in Italy and at the division of abdominal organ transplant of University of Leuven Hospital, Belgium, the second largest hospital in Europe. He’s engaged in work in liver and gallbladder surgeries and the clinical work in liver transplant. He’s been involved in over 1000 liver transplant surgeries. In recent years, he’s undertaken most of the work in surgery consultations outside of his division, Each year he assisted other hospitals in completing about 30 liver transplant and liver surgeries[57]. Starting from 2001 he engaged in clinical and research work in liver and pancreas transplantation. Each year he performed over 130 liver transplant surgeries and assisted a dozen provincial level hospitals in liver transplant surgeries, including for adults, infants, and children[58].

SHJT006 Yuan Xiaodong,

Male

Personal profile: Doctor at director level in the division of urology surgery

Postdoc at Shanghai Jiaotong University

Ph.D student at Harvard University sponsored by China

From 2008 to 2010, he studied at the division of transplant surgery of Brigham and Women Hospital affiliated with Harvard University, primarily in the field kidney transplantation[59].

SHJT007 Li Qigen, Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the Center for Liver Transplantation

In 1995 he graduated from the Department of Marine Medicine of the Second Military University and got his Bachelor’s degree. In 2004 he got his Ph.D in clinical medicine. His tutor was Professor Yang Guangshun with Dongfang Liver and Gallbladder Hospital.

He performed over 1000 liver transplant surgeries, hundreds of liver transplant surgeries with organs from living donors, and more than 150 liver transplant surgeries for infants and children[60].

SHJT008 Wang Xin,

Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the Center for Liver Transplantation

Following his graduation from the Department of English Clinical Medicine of China Medical University, he started studying with Professor Yang Guangshun at Dongfang Hospital for Liver and Gallbladder Surgeries, engaging in research in clinical liver transplantation and getting his Master’s degree.

He performed over 200 liver transplant surgeries[61].

SHJT009 Tong Ying,

Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor and Ph.D in medicine

In 1997 he graduated from the Department of Military Medicine of the Second Military University. Thereafter he engaged in clinical work at Dongfang Hospital for Liver and Gallbladder Surgeries in Shanghai for 10 plus years, and got his Master’s and Ph.D in medicine[62].

SHJT010 Han Longzhi,

Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the Center for Liver Transplantation

He performed over 500 liver surgeries for adult patients and more than 150 liver surgeries with organs from living donors for infants and children[63].

SHJT011 Xia Lei,

Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the Center for Liver Transplantation

In 2003 he got his Master’s degree after completing a 7-year program at the Department of Military Medicine of the Second Military University. During the time while he was working toward his Master’s, he was involved in close to 40 liver transplant cases. He started to work for Dongfang Hospital for Liver and Gallbladder Surgeries after graduation.

He is primarily involved in organ acquisition and trimming[64].

SHJT012 Luo Yi,

Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the Center for Liver Transplantation

In 2002 he graduated from the Second Medical University in Shanghai and got his Bachelor’s degree. From July 2002 to September 2004 he was a resident doctor at the division of general surgery of Renji Hospital in Shanghai. In September 2004, he became a resident doctor at the division of liver surgery of Renji Hospital. Since 2009 he’s been an attending doctor at the division of liver surgery. February through June 2012, he was studying minimally invasive liver surgery using laparoscopy at South-west Hospital for Liver and Gallbladder. He’s now an expert in that surgery[65].

SHJT013 Xing tianyu, Male, born in 1980

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the Center for Liver Transplantation

In 2003 he graduated from the Second Medical University in Shanghai and got his Bachelor’s degree. From July 2003 to September 2004 he was a resident doctor at the division of general surgery of Renji Hospital in Shanghai. In September 2009 he became a doctor at the division of liver surgery. April through August 2011, he was studying with Academician Chen Zhaolong the liver surgery at Changgeng Hospital in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. He’s be been involved in the completion of over 500 liver transplant surgeries, including more than 80 liver transplant surgeries using organs from living donors for young children[66].

SHJT014 Shen Conghuan,

Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the Center for Liver Transplantation

In July 2002 he graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine of the Second Medical University in Shanghai and got his Bachelor’s degree. From August 2002 to September 2004, he was a resident doctor at the surgery division of Renji Hospital of Shanghai, working in turn at general surgery, thoracic surgery, anesthesia, ICU, Urology, and orthopedics. In October 2004 he joined the division of liver surgery of Renji Hospital[67].

SHJT015 Xi Zhifeng,

Female

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the Center for Liver Transplantation

In 2006 she graduated from a 7-year English-taught Master’s program in clinical medicine at the Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University.

She is engaged in liver surgery and liver transplant internal medicine. Her major field of research is in prevention and treatment of hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation and perioperative treatment of liver transplantation[68].

SHJT016 Hang Hualian,

Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor and lecturer at the Center for Liver Transplantation

In 2003 he graduated from the Second Military University and got his Bachelor’s degree. In 2007 and 2010 he got his Master’s degree in clinical medicine and Ph.D in surgery respectively at the Medical College of Nanjing University, studying with Ding Yitao, a nationally renown expert on liver and gallbladder surgery, and Professor Chou Yudong. Upon obtaining his Ph.D, he worked at the First Hospital in Nanjing affiliated with Nanjing Medical University for two years. In June 2012 he was transferred in a talent introduction program to the division for liver surgery of Renji Hospital affiliated with the Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University[69].

SHJT017 Xue Feng,

Female

Personal profile: Associate Professor and doctor at deputy director level

In 1995 she graduated from the former Second Medical University in Shanghai, majoring in immunology and rheumatology. She studied with Professor Chen Shunle and got her Master’s degree. From 1995 to 1999, she was a resident doctor and attending doctor at the division of rheumatology of Renji Hospital. She got her Ph.D in medicine in Japan in 2004 and returned to Renji Hospital in 2006 as a doctor at deputy director level and tutor for Master’s degree students at the center for organ transplantation at Renji Hospital.

In 1999, sponsored by Japan’s ministry of education, she went to Japan to pursue her doctor’s degree, studying liver fibrosis treatment and organ transplantation immunity research under Professor Kogen Shiro, a famous transplant expert in Japan.

She is primarily involved in the diagnosis and treatment of end-stage liver disease and the internal diseases in the field of liver transplantation. She’s also responsible for the testing work in the transplant lab and the experiment on clinical medication, including the study of new medicines related to liver transplantation, transplant matching, and the monitoring of drug concentration[70].

SHJT018 Lu Tianfei,

Male

Personal profile: Resident doctor at the Center for Liver Transplantation

In 2008 he graduated from the Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University and got his Master’s degree. He studied with Professor Xia Qiang, director of the division of liver surgery at Renji Hospital.

From February 2011 to September 2012 he was a postdoc at the Central Lab for Liver and Pancreas Transplantation of UCLA, his field of study being the mechanism of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury.

He’s performed so far more than 500 liver transplant surgeries[71].

SHJT019 Wang Siyue,

Female

Personal profile: Coordinator at the Center for Organ Transplantation at Renji Hospital

She is responsible for follow-up data collation, online publication, reviewing of results and notification of doctors’ instructions[72].

SHJT020 Zhou Tao,

Male

Personal profile: Resident doctor and teaching assistant at Pediatric Transplant Ward of the division of liver surgery and the division of surgery of Shanghai Medical Center for Children.

He’s mainly engaged in liver transplant surgery for children using organs from living donors[73].

SHJT021 Song Yu,

Male, born in 1973

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the Center for Organ Transplantation

In 1996 he graduated from the Department of Military Medicine of the Second Military Medical University and got his Bachelor’s degree. He then worked at the university’s affiliate, Changhai Hospital for ten years, specializing in medical diagnosis and treatment of liver disease. He got his Master’s degree in clinical medicine in 2002. In 2003 he attended the College of Management affiliated with Fudan University, and received his MBA[74].

SHJT022 Wang Yanan,

Male

Personal profile: Doctor at director level at the Center for Kidney Transplantation

He graduated from the Department of Marine Medicine of the Second Military Medical University.

He has a wealth of experience in kidney transplantation and the diagnosis and treatment of kidney tumor. He started the combined transplantation of pancreas and kidney in Shanghai and has done two such surgeries. His main fields of study are basic and clinical research on kidney transplantation and pancreas-kidney transplantation. He’s primarily engaged in kidney transplantation[75].

SHJT023 Ying Liang,

Male, born in June 1980

Personal profile: Attending doctor and lecturer at the Center for Organ Transplantation

In July 2005, he graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine of the Second Medical University in Shanghai. He completed a 7-year program and got his Master’s degree.

Since 2005, he’s been doing kidney transplantation at the division of urology of Renji Hospital[76].

SHJT024 Qiu Feng,

Male, born on December 22, 1968

Personal profile: Doctor at deputy director level, associate professor, director of the division of kidney transplantation, and young member of Transplantation Committee of Shanghai Chinese Medical Society

He graduated from the Department of Medicine of the Second Medical University in Shanghai in 1993.

He specializes in kidney transplantation and has performed over 300 allogeneic kidney transplant surgeries[77].

SHJT025 Liu Wei,

Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the division of urology

In 2001 he graduated from the Department of Clinical Medicine of the Second Medical University in Shanghai. He completed a 7-year program and got his Master’s degree in clinical medicine. As a graduate student, he was mainly engaged in clinical work related to urology. He started to do kidney transplantation in 2000 and he’s since performed over 300 kidney surgeries, including more than 20 cases he completed independently[78].

SHJT026 Ling Jianyu,

Male, born in August 1945

Personal profile: Doctor at director level at the Center for Organ Transplantation

In 1969 he graduated from the Medical Department of the Second Medical College in Shanghai; in 1977 he started working at the division of urology; and in 1979 he started specializing in allogeneic kidney transplantation. In 1982 he graduated from the Second Medical University in Shanghai and got his Master’s degree. He specialized in kidney transplantation.

From 1991 to 1993 he was at the Vascular and Kidney Transplant Center of the Medical Center in Westchester, New York Medical College, U.S.A. for further study on kidney transplantation.

He’s done more than 1000 kidney transplant surgeries, including those with the elderly, children, and family members as donors[79].

SHJT027 Zhou Zhihua,

Male

Personal profile: Attending doctor at the division of urology

2001 through 2006 he was studying at the division of urology

and kidney transplant ward of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital. In 2006 he graduated from the Second Military University, got his Ph.D in kidney transplantation at the division of urology, and in the same year, joined the kidney transplant team at Renji Hospital affiliated with the Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University.

He was engaged in completing nearly 100 cases of kidney transplantation[80].

He’s experienced in organ preservation and basic and clinical aspects of kidney transplantation.

SHJT028 Chen Changzhi,

Male, born in 1950

Personal profile: Doctor at director level and professor at the division of Thoracic Surgery

In 1981 he got his Master’s degree at Beijing Medical University. In 1989 he got his Ph.D in cardiovascular surgery at the Second Medical University in Shanghai. In 1997 he became deputy director of the division of Thoracic Surgery. 2001 through 2004 he was director of the division of cardiovascular surgery.

In 1993 he went to the United States for further study of new technology of coronary artery surgery and heart valve plasty, as well as the protection of heart muscle, lung preservation, and organ transplantation[81].

SHJT029 Liu Lin,

Male

Personal profile: Director of the division of ophthalmology, doctor at director level, professor

Once director of the division of ophthalmology of Changhai Hospital and member at deputy director level of the Committee of Ophthalmology in the Military[82]

SHJT030 Li Peiling,

Female, born in 1963

Personal profile: Doctor at director level and associate professor at the division of ophthalmology

In 1985 she graduated from the Medical Department of the Medical College affiliated with Dongnan University (formerly Nanjing Railroad Medical College) and got his Bachelor’s degree. She is member of corneal disease group of Shanghai Medical Society. She has long been engaged in ophthalmology clinical, teaching and scientific research for more than 20 years. She is good at diagnosis and treatment of cataract, glaucoma, corneal disease and ocular surface diseases[83].

Reference

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http://www.renji.com/Treatment/About/Index.aspx

Link to WOIPFG files

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700_06110…

[2] “Notice by Ministry of Health Office on Registration of Human organ transplant diagnosis and treatment subjects: List of First Group of Hospitals Approved by Ministry of Health Human Organ Transplant Technology Clinical Application Committee” posted on August 6, 2007 on Website of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China

http://www.moh.gov.cn/mohyzs/s3585/200804/18974.shtml

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http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/400.png

[3]Xinhuanet: Doctor on Medicine: How Are the World-saving Medical Skills Developed? ——Look at How Renji Hospital Rises to the World's First-class November 29, 2022

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[4]People.com: 3000 cases! Renji Hospital has a new breakthrough in the number of children's liver transplant operations October 25, 2022

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https://archive.is/YyZNm

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[9] “Life Extended by Transplantation—on Tianjin Transplant Expert Shen Zhongyang and His Team ” by China Technology Market Daily on January 6, 2015 http://epaper.jwb.com.cn/zjb/html/2015-01/06/content_1201384.htm

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http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/306.png

[10] Continuing Education Platform for Children's Liver Transplantation: Enrollment Brochure (Liver Transplantation) of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Health Commission Human Organ Transplant Physician Training Base Author: 2022-01-05

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[19]Han Longzhi of Elite Team of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Affiliated Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Retrieved from http://www.transplantation.sh.cn/team.asp?id=1&page=1

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[21] Profile of Shen Conghuan. Retrieved from http://www.transplantation.org.cn/ZJiaoTongDaXueYiXueYuanFuShuRenJanDui…

[22] Shen Conghuan of Elite Team of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Affiliated Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Retrieved from http://www.transplantation.sh.cn/team.asp?id=1&page=1

[23]Profile of Lu Tianfei, Retrieved from http://www.transplantation.org.cn/ZJiaoTongDaXueYiXueYuanFuShuRenJanDui…

[24]Lu Tianfei of Research Team of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Affiliated Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Retrieved from http://www.transplantation.sh.cn/team2.asp?id=66&cid=12

[25]“Huang Qi, young leader in liver transplant field” by Xia Qiang on June 23, 2006 on People.com http://scitech.people.com.cn/GB/1057/4520977.html

Link to WOIPFG files:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/262.png

[26]Number of Liver Transplantation for Children at Affiliated Renji Hospital Sets New Record in 2014 on Shanghai Jiaotong University News Net http://news.sjtu.edu.cn/info/1003/449633.htm

Link to WOIPFG files:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/619.png

[27] “Liver Transplant Surgeon Unable to Leave Renji Hospital All “ carried by Sh.Sina.com.cn on August 19, 2013; Article source: Oriental Net-Wenhui Daily

Link to WOIPFG files:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/620.png

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WOIPFG Archived Link:Link to WOIPFG files:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/262.png

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[32] Ren Qiehui & Shi Weiqiang. (2014, July 4). The Ninth China Medicine Price Winner, Director Xia Qiang of Liver Surgery of Renji Hospital. Looking at the Sky---Institute of Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University. Retrieved from http://www2.shsmu.edu.cn/default.php?mod=article&do=detail&tid=354467

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http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/624.png

[33] Division of Urology of Shanghai Renji Hospital

https://archive.is/I9G5d

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http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/nationalcriminalreports/627.png

[35]Breaking news from New Tang Dynasty TV on March 20, 2015: Live Organ Harvesting Still Ongoing and Source Controlled By Military, confirmed by Doctor from Mainland China http://www.ntdtv.com/xtr/gb/2015/03/21/a1184409.html

[36] Minghui Net: “PLA Department of General Logistics Is Core Agency of Live Organ Harvesting” by Zhen Jun on November 11, 2009

http://www.minghui.org/mh/articles/2009/11/11/212318.html

[37] WOIPFG. “World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong (WOIPFG) Report: The Chinese Communist Regime Continues Its Campaign of Forced Organ Harvesting from Living Falun Gong Practitioners”. November 27, 2015.

[38]“Good doctor online”. https://www.haodf.com/doctor/DE4r0eJWGqZNhLTy8fQwHCo55twNygxV.htm

Link to WOIPFG files: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/0712/SC40.pdf

[39]“Emergency Liver Transplantation for Treatment of Bleeding from Esophageal Varices” by Zhang Jianjun, Li Qigen, Zhang Ming, Chen Xiaosong, Han Longzhi, and Luo Yi, Chen Conghuan, Xing Tianyu, Xi Zhifeng, Xia Qiang from Organ Transplantation Center of Renji Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Journal of Shanghai University (Medical Science), June 2006,

Link to WOIPFG files:

http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/cn/images/medicalarticles/140.pdf

[40] “Anhui’s first case of a college student donating his organs can save a minimum of five people”. April 2, 2018. Source: China News. http://archive.is/75ByP

[41] Profile of the organ transplant center at Anhui Provincial Hospital. http://archive.is/ES5fp

[42]Shanghai Morning Post. “Shanghai’s human organ donation has a breakthrough of 400 cases.” Newsletter (September 1, 2017). Reporter: Pan Wen. http://archive.is/CgcrK

WOIPFG’s archived link:Link to WOIPFG files: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/0712/SC68.pdf

[43]“Media Spotlight | Renji Hospital has joined hands with 7 schools to launch organ donation courses to explore the ‘China model’ of organ donation!” May 10, 2017. Source: Wen Hui Bao. Reporter: Tang Wenjia. http://archive.is/v9qOl

WOIPFG’s archived link:Link to WOIPFG files: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/0712/SC69.pdf

[44]China News website. “A 27-year-old courier from Shanghai passed away in a car crash, his wife donated his organs to save three people.” July 19, 2017. Source: Xinhua News. http://archive.is/6COJw

WOIPFG’s archived link:Link to WOIPFG files: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/0712/SC70.pdf

[45]Shanghai Morning Post. “Shanghai’s human organ donation has a breakthrough of 400 cases.” Newsletter (September 1, 2017). Reporter: Pan Wen. http://archive.is/CgcrK

WOIPFG’s archived link: http:Link to WOIPFG files: //www.zhuichaguoji.org/sites/default/files/report/2016/64700061910.png

[46]The Red Cross Society of China, Shanghai Branch. “Organ donation makes lives go further.” http://archive.is/Xo6T0

WOIPFG’s archived link:Link to WOIPFG files: http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/media/2019/0712/SC71.pdf

[47]WOIPFG. “WOIPFG’s Investigation Report on Status Quo of the CCP’s Live Organ Harvesting of Falun Dafa Practitioners (V).” July 20, 2018. http://www.zhuichaguoji.org/node/96870

[48] China Organ Transplantation Net: “Liver Transplantation Team of Organ Transplantation Center of Renji Hospital in Shanghai ” Posted on June 28, 2007

http://www.transplantation.org.cn/ZJiaoTongDaXueYiXueYuanFuShuRenJanDui…

https://archive.is/lSOw2

[49] Shanghai Jiaotong University President Award Online Selection

http://202.120.33.37/15xz/detail/detail_11.htm

https://archive.is/qDlBC

[50]Continuing Education Platform for Children's Liver Transplantation: Enrollment Brochure (Liver Transplantation) of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine National Health Commission Human Organ Transplant Physician Training Base Author: 2022-01-05

https://web.archive.org/web/20221220023841/https://www.ipltf.com/home/d…

[51]People.com: 3000 cases! Renji Hospital has a new breakthrough in the number of children's liver transplant operations October 25, 2022

https://web.archive.org/web/20221220023759/http://sh.people.com.cn/n2/2…

[52]Xinhuanet: Doctor on Medicine: How Are the World-saving Medical Skills Developed? ——Look at How Renji Hospital Rises to the World's First-class November 29, 2022

https://web.archive.org/web/20221220023914/http://sh.news.cn/2022-11/29…

[53] Renji Hospital-Division of Liver Surgery; Good Doctors Online

http://m.haodf.com/touch/faculty/DE4r08xQdKSLBfLtSUNoD0ioO33P/jieshao.h…

https://web.archive.org/web/20160116205625/http://m.haodf.com/touch/fac…

[54]Renji Hospital-Division of Liver Surgery; Good Doctors Online

http://m.haodf.com/touch/faculty/DE4r08xQdKSLBfLtSUNoD0ioO33P/jieshao.h…

https://web.archive.org/web/20160116205625/http://m.haodf.com/touch/fac…"

[55]Renji Hospital-Division of Liver Surgery; Good Doctors Online

http://m.haodf.com/touch/faculty/DE4r08xQdKSLBfLtSUNoD0ioO33P/jieshao.h…

https://web.archive.org/web/20160116205625/http://m.haodf.com/touch/fac…"

[56] Chen Xiaosong of Elite Team of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Affiliated Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University

http://www.transplantation.sh.cn/team.asp?id=1&page=1