WOIPFG Releases the List of 2, 096 Medical Personnel in 103 Chinese Military and Armed Police Force Hospitals Suspected of Harvesting Organs from Living Falun Gong Practitioners

Overview

Chinese military hospitals, under the administration of People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department, Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China (CPC), generally fall into the following categories: general hospitals of the military directly administered by the Central Military Commission of CPC; general hospitals of three major army and services (i.e., Naval General Hospital, Air Force General Hospital, Second Artillery Corps General Hospital), general hospitals of seven military command regions, hospitals affiliated with military medical universities, and hospitals with an assigned serial number. One other category is about the armed police force hospitals.

Chinese military hospitals, armed police force hospitals and the General Logistics Department of the military are primarily culpable for executing former CPC leader Jiang Zemin’s order for the mass murdering of, and harvesting organ (for doing transplantation) from living Falun Gong practitioners. Investigations conducted by World Organization to Investigate the Persecution of Falun Gong (WOIPFG) show evidence of a massive live organ pool (a group of living people kept for forced organ harvesting) in mainland China, while the imprisonment of people in this massive organ pool and the designing of the distribution of organs harvested from them are most probably carried out by the Chinese military and armed police forces. The relatively restricted nature of the military system poses challenges for the outside world to learn facts about the concentrated imprisonment of these people, the management of organ availability for hospitals nationwide, organ extraction and transplantation, and the destruction of incriminating evidence. But investigations conducted by WOIPFG targeting the Chinese military and armed police forces hospitals have indicated that, since the CPC began persecuting Falun Gong practitioners in 1999, there had been a consistent pattern of hospitals either launching an organ transplant unit or expanding its scale, and such hospitals included general hospitals of three major army and services of the military, general hospitals of the armed police forces, affiliating hospitals of military medical universities, twelve general hospitals of the seven military command regions, and many serial number hospitals. Furthermore, the time during which the number of organ transplants spiked up highly coincides with that during which the CPC had been illegally abducting and detaining Falun Gong practitioners.

WOIPFG shall list its findings below regarding organ transplants at the aforementioned hospitals and present specific examples.

1. Military and armed police force hospitals have conducted as many as 18 different types of organ transplantation amounting to an exceedingly large number of cases

To date, WOIPFG has been able to acquire general information on organ transplantation at 100 military and armed police force hospitals.  The following incomplete statistics are based on publicly available materials: these hospitals have altogether conducted at least 62,653 cases of kidney transplantation, at least 12,719 cases of liver transplantation, at least 215 cases of heart transplantation, at least 17 cases of lung transplantation, at least 7,743 cases of corneal transplantation, at least 1,012 cases of testicular transplantation, at least 1 case of penis transplantation, at least 85 cases of pancreas transplantation, at least 26 cases of small bowel transplantation, at least 78 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantations, at least 5 cases of combined heart-lung transplantations, at least 35 cases of combined pancreas-kidney (and duodenum) transplantations, at least 1 case of combined liver-pancreas transplantations, at least 2 cases of combined heart-kidney transplantations, at least 1 case of combined lung-kidney transplantations, at least 1 case of combined liver-intestinal transplantations, at least 10 cases of combined liver-kidney-pancreas transplantations, and at least 1 case of combined heart-liver-kidney transplantations. Among which, the number of kidney transplants conducted by these hospitals exceeds 1/3 of the total number of kidney transplants conducted by all hospitals in China.

The statistics above came from hospital websites and papers published in Chinese journals of medicine. It should be noted that the published papers merely report a small percentage of the transplant cases conducted at these hospitals and represent what had taken place during different periods of time rather than presenting the whole picture. A considerable number of hospitals have not released the exact number of organ transplants conducted and therefore the missing figures could not be incorporated into the statistics in this report. Since organ harvesting from living Falun Gong practitioners committed by the CPC General Logistics Department, and military and armed police force hospitals is considered classified military information, the statistics released by WOIPFG now are far less than the actual figures of organ transplantation.

2. Organ transplants conducted by military and armed police force hospitals amount to exceedingly large numbers

Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, an affiliation of the Second Military Medical University, had conducted more than 4,230 cases of various types of kidney transplantation, and a total of 1,238 cases of various types of liver transplantation by the end of 2013[1].

Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University (formerly known as the First Military Medical University) had conducted more than 3,800 cases of kidney transplantation by July, 2009[2].

Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University (formerly known as the First Military Medical University) has conducted more than 3,100 cases of kidney transplantation since June, 1989[3].

Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical School had conducted more than 3,400 cases of kidney transplantation by July 24, 2012[4].

PLA Navy General Hospital’s Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery has conducted several thousand cases of liver transplantation[5].

Fuzhou General Hospital of the Nanjing Military Command Region has conducted a total of 3,358 cases of kidney transplantation[6].  Since 2008, the hospital has conducted 252 cases of combined kidney and stem cell transplantation[7].

General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces conducts 200 to 300 cases of liver transplantation annually[8].

The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces conducts more than 200 cases of kidney transplantation annually[9].

309th Hospital of PLA conducts close to 200 cases of kidney transplantation annually[10].

303th Hospital of PLA conducts, on an annual basis, an estimate of 200 cases of kidney transplantation, 30-50 cases of liver transplantation, and 10 cases of heart-pulmonary transplantations. In addition, the hospital conducts multi-organ transplantations and corneal transplantation[11].

3. The number of organ transplants has grown rapidly since 1999

Fuzhou General Hospital of the Nanjing Military Command Region conducted a total of 808 cases of kidney transplantation over the course of 20 years from December 1979 to September 1998[12], averaging to 39 cases per year.  But during the time from January 2000 to December 2004, in less than 5 years, the hospital conducted 877 cases of kidney transplantation[13], averaging to 175 cases per year.

Xinqiao Hospital of the Third Military Medical School conducted a total of 84 cases of kidney transplantation from 1978 to 1984, averaging to 14 cases per year[14]. From January 2003 to August 2006, the hospital conducted 585 cases of kidney transplantation for first time patients in the age range 20-50 yrs, excluding senile patients and patients who had had kidney transplantation before[15], averaging to 159 cases per year.

Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital (301th Hospital of PLA) conducted a total of 1,003 cases of kidney transplantation from October 1977 to December 31, 1998, averaging to 47 cases per year[16]. From January 1999 to December 2004, the hospital conducted 1,034 cases of kidney transplantation[17], averaging to 172 cases per year.

Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University conducted 2,123 cases of kidney transplantation from 1978 to 2001[18], averaging to 90 some cases per year.  From 2002 to July 2009, the hospital conducted at least 1,677 cases of kidney transplantation, averaging to over 200 cases per year.

Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, an affiliation of the Second Military Medical University conducted 1,524/1,604 cases/times of kidney transplantation from June 1978 to February 1999[19], averaging to 80 cases per year.  From March 1999 to December 2002, the hospital conducted 680 cases of kidney transplantation[20], averaging to 180 cases per year.

4. Many military and armed police force hospitals set up organ transplant division after 1999

The Institute of Liver Transplantation at the General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces was formally established upon approval from the General Logistics Department of the Armed Police Forces in April 2002.  The Institute had conducted more than 2,000 cases of liver transplantation, and more than 1,000 cases of kidney transplantation by May 2014[21].

PLA No.302 Hospital established the Liver Transplantation Center in 2005[22].

307th Hospital of PLA established the Kidney Transplantation Center in 2000[23]. The center has conducted close to 1,000 cases of kidney transplantation and supervised kidney transplantation operations at hospitals in other parts of China on numerous occasions[24].

The Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army established the Liver Transplantation Center in July 2004[25].

309th Hospital of PLA established the Organ Transplant Center of PLA in April 2002[26]. The center has conducted a total of 2,130 cases of kidney transplantation[27] and almost 600 cases of liver transplantation[28].

Southwest Hospital of the Third Medical University began conducting liver transplantation in May 1999.  The hospital was designated as a PLA Key Laboratory for Liver Transplantation in 2001.  Established in 2004, Southwest Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery within it set up collaboration with the Starzl Transplantation Institute of the University of Pittsburg Medical Center, then made further the International Liver Transplantation Center established as the result of a partnership between them[29]. Southwest Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery has conducted more than 640 cases of liver transplantation in 5 years from 2005 to 2009.  By 2009, the hospital had conducted a total of more than 900 cases of liver transplantation[30].

81th Hospital of PLA established the Liver Transplantation Center in July, 2003.  The Center had conducted more than 250 cases of liver transplantation, 1 case of combined liver-kidney transplantation, 15 cases of emergency liver transplantation, and 5 cases of living-related liver transplantation by the end of 2010[31].

181th Hospital of PLA conducts more than 150 cases of kidney transplantation on an annual basis since the year 2000.  The hospital has conducted a total of more than 2,000 cases of kidney transplantation up to present[32].

5. Organ transplantation is a highly lucrative business for military hospitals

The Organ Transplant Center of 309th Hospital of PLA was designated as the “Organ Transplant Center of PLA” by the Ministry of Health, the General Logistics Department of PLA in March 2006.  The Center was later renamed “Organ Transplant Research Institute of PLA” by the Ministry of Health, the General Logistics Department in 2011.  As the main division on which the hospital relies for revenue, the Organ Transplant Center saw an increase in its gross revenue from CNY 30 million in 2006 to CNY 230 million in 2010, up by nearly eightfold in merely 5 years[33].

Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command Region’s Ophthalmology Department conducts approximately 80 cases of corneal transplantation annually and has seen its revenue increase by several folds[34].

Daping Hospital of the Third Military Medical University began conducting organ transplantation around late 90s.  In 2009, the hospital’s annual revenue reached more than CNY 900 million[35], up by nearly 25 times from CNY 36.48 million.

6. Military hospitals have access to organs from many different sources

The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery at The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, PLA claims that the hospital has secured a swift, unobstructed channel for acquiring livers.  Not only does the hospital have access to livers from Beijing and its vicinity in a timely manner, it can quickly acquire top-grade livers from other provinces and cities in China[36].

The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, PLA’s Ophthalmology Department has the largest eye bank of all the military hospitals and hospitals in the northeastern region of China[37]. The hospital claims its eye bank has access to “donors” from many different sources[38].  The total number of cases of corneal transplantation conducted at this hospital is ranked among the highest in major hospitals in the northeastern region of China.  And this is the only hospital in Shenyang that is able to acquire corneas for corneal transplant patients on short notice[39].

Lianxi Jing, Director of the Department of Ophthalmology at 458th Hospital of PLA (also called The Air Force Hospital in Guangzhou), while visiting Shanghai Purui Ophthalmology Hospital, made claims that a mechanism for long term cooperation on corneal transplantation between hospitals has been established, and that 458th Hospital of PLA, by tapping into its advantages, shall supply Shanghai Purui Ophthalmology Hospital with a steady source of top-grade corneas for conducting corneal transplantation and will provide necessary clinical support as part of their cooperation thenceforth[40].

7. Exceedingly short wait time for organs

Shanghai Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University conducted 120 cases of emergency liver transplantation over the course of 3 years from 2003 to 2006.  The patients in these cases contracted acute hepatitis and could survive for an average of 3 days under hospitalization.  Their only option was emergency liver transplantation.  Of these patients, the shortest wait time for liver was 4 hours after the patient had been hospitalized[41].

On January 28, 2002, the 281st Hospital of PLA conducted 7 cases of kidney transplantation from deceased-donor on a single day.  Out of the 7 cases, one of the patients whose transplant operation failed the first time waited only 1 day before getting another kidney for the second transplant[42].

8. A significant number of military and armed police force hospitals which began conducting organ transplantation after 1999 did not pass the qualification review by the Ministry of Health of the PRC in 2007 [43]

150th Hospital of PLA established the Kidney Transplant Center in 2000.  The hospital has been conducting kidney transplant in the western region of Henan province and has conducted nearly 100 cases of kidney transplantation for patients from Henan, Taiwan and Xinjiang[44].

The Department of Urology at Jiangxi Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces established the Organ Transplant Center in February 2002[45].  Since then, the Center conducted 260 cases of kidney transplantation for both military and civilian patients over the course of 2 years.  To speak of one particular case, the Center conducted successive kidney transplantation operations for 4 patients in 8 hours[46].

Ningxia Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces established the Kidney Transplantation and Blood Purification Center in April 2003.  Its Kidney Transplantation Department set up a separate ward for transplant.  The hospital has specialized medical equipment for kidney transplantation, as well as drugs and equipment for the extraction and preservation of organs[47].  The hospital has conducted more than 100 cases of kidney transplantation up to present[48].

9. Military hospitals have conducted multiple transplant operations simultaneously

From May 1991 to April 2007, the 281st Hospital of PLA conducted a total of 313 cases of kidney transplantation.  Among which, the hospital conducted multiple operations simultaneously 28 times for anywhere from 6 to 9 patients[49].

Shanghai Changzheng Hospital of Second Military Medical University conducted a total of 3,500 cases of kidney transplantation from 1978 to 2009, the highest in the nation.  Half of the operations were operated by Youhua Zhu.  It is known that Zhu once conducted as many as 5 kidney transplant operations in a single day[50].

The 474th Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command Region once conducted as many as 12 cases of kidney transplantation nonstop[51].

Starting at 12 O’clock on February 18, 2014,16 physicians in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery at Fuzhou General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command Region had performed 5 liver transplant operations in the following 17 hours nonstop without interruption or rest.  The team of that department, led by director Yi Jiang, has conducted a total of 412 cases of liver transplantation[52].

List of Suspects Under Investigation

Medical personnel from military and armed police force hospitals involved in organ harvesting from living Falun Gong practitioners include but are not limited to: doctors specializing in organ extraction and transplantation, nurses, and anesthetists.  Fundamental medical ethics and international regulations on organ transplant maintain that these medical personnel, prior to presenting credible and reliable evidence that could repudiate the aforementioned allegations, are seen as either suspects or material witnesses of crimes of genocide and murder.  WOIPFG is conducting a comprehensive investigation and evidence collection on medical personnel from Chinese military and armed police force hospitals involved in organ seizure and transplantation, and releases the following list of 2, 096 medical personnel from 103 hospitals under investigation (while materials in being updated).

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(Updated on July 10, 2016)

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